Varpin

It really depends on if you want performance or not
USB drives are the slower option, but near infinitely expandable.
Just remember if you want it for games and the drive is permanently attached then disable the Quick Removal so you get the slightly better performance.

If you want something faster then you have two choices
If you have space to put drives in the case but no free ports on your motherboard then you can simply buy a SATA controller PCI card, a half decent 6GB/s one will set you back about £40 (50 USD)

If you don't have space in the case either, you can get an eSATA enclosure, these vary greatly in price depending on features, bays among other things, but you will also need either eSATA on your motherboard, or a PCI card to go with it.

 

I'm gaming on Ryzen 5 1600 and GTX1080, works perfectly fine. You could go with R5 2600+Decent mobo,  overclock it and you're good to go.

Do you have another Windows 10 PC lying around somewhere?
 
If so, I'd say backup your files and do a clean install by creating Windows 10 USB using the Media Creation tool if you can. 
 
And then install it on your PC. This should put you in Windows 10 Build 16299. If you lose your Windows 10 activation key from your motherboard, you can call Asus and tell them the situation and that you'd like to know your activation key. They may ask for your device's serial number or refer you to Microsoft.

CPU: Xeon X3430 - 4 Cores 4 Threads - $7 USD
Cheap Motherboard (Not the best): eBay Generic Motherboard - $48 USD
Other choice (More reliable): eBay Intel Motherboard - $78 USD
CPU Cooler: Deepcool cooler - $22 USD
RAM: HP DDR3 1333MHz - $55 USD
GPU: Some Gigabyte card - $22 USD
 
I am assuming you already have a power supply and case, so you can buy these and make your home server!

I have an AT2020 myself and love it because of good sound quality and it basically doesnt pick up any background noise, the at2035 just has a bit better sound quality so it is my recommendation until you start spending near $1000 then Shure has some really nice mics that I would recommend. 

Unregistered DIMMs are just called DIMMs. I’m pretty sure he’s talking about uniDIMMs. 

We're not great at recommending pre built computers, because building yourself can save hundreds of dollars at times. I'd go for used parts and building yourself, $500 can get you a 1440p high setting rig really 

At least you didn't lose any data so, that's great
I'd strongly suggest making a backup of your phone or at least the important data on there regularly.

Well what I was going to suggest is...
 
1) if he wants to keep is current motherboard get the i7 3770 instead (3770 vs 2600K: http://cpu.userbenchmark.com/Compare/Intel-Core-i7-3770-vs-Intel-Core-i7-2600K/1979vs621) 
 
2) if he wants to move to a new platform try and find a used B85 board and find a used i7 4770

Pre-builts are bad.
you could get a much better PC if you built it yourself, and it's not that hard.
 
with a prebuilt, you'd be lucky to get a 1060 3GB at $1000. building it yourself, you could probably squeeze in a 1070 if you really tried, but a 1060 6GB should be easy.

No elmer, Windows is not a gender
Nvidia is not a gender either.

It isn't the file what I linked, it's virustotal where you can scan files. I just showed my result.

In this case, I'd definitely go for the Ryzen

All the Vengeance PSUs are tier 1. Even the 400W non modular one.

If Coffee Lake is Kaby Lake with different core configuration and no other change, then 8600k is faster because in single thread tasks because of higher clock speed. In multi thread though they should be similar, if the Intel chip isnt slower because Ryzen has SMT.
 
But probably you shouldnt buy either chips because a) Ryzen 1600 is the preferred one and b) 8600k is expected to retail at $250 but 1600 costs below $200. Not to mention the Z370 mobo is more expensive than a B350 one.

Ryzen 5/7

Have you considered Ryzen? I think in the i5 range right now, Ryzen 5 is a better value.

PCPartPicker part list: https://uk.pcpartpicker.com/list/4RGg9W
Price breakdown by merchant: https://uk.pcpartpicker.com/list/4RGg9W/by_merchant/
CPU: AMD - Ryzen 5 1600 3.2GHz 6-Core Processor  (£187.14 @ Aria PC) 
Motherboard: Gigabyte - GA-AB350-GAMING 3 ATX AM4 Motherboard  (£97.97 @ Amazon UK) 
Memory: Corsair - Vengeance LPX 16GB (2 x 8GB) DDR4-3000 Memory  (£144.00 @ Aria PC) 
Storage: SanDisk - SSD PLUS 240GB 2.5" Solid State Drive  (£74.99 @ Amazon UK) 
Storage: Western Digital - Caviar Blue 1TB 3.5" 7200RPM Internal Hard Drive  (£41.99 @ Aria PC) 
Video Card: Sapphire - Radeon RX 580 8GB PULSE Video Card  (£219.24 @ Amazon UK) 
Case: Phanteks - ECLIPSE P400 ATX Mid Tower Case  (£56.66 @ Aria PC) 
Power Supply: EVGA - SuperNOVA G2 650W 80+ Gold Certified Fully-Modular ATX Power Supply  (£83.97 @ Amazon UK) 
Total: £905.96
Prices include shipping, taxes, and discounts when available
Generated by PCPartPicker 2017-09-14 21:20 BST+0100
 
 
Just an example build. The main thing what i'm trying to say is that go with a Ryzen 5 CPU and a B350 motherboard. I5 CPUs aren't worth it.

You cant put a i5 3470 in a b250m motherboard...
 
Look into a b350 mobo and a ryzen 5 1400.

Could you? Go for it!

I have a spare fan splitter if needs be.

Make sure that the motherboard has enough slots for all the case fans

Choose ryzen 3 instead IMO.