Jump to content

Is the MacBook Pro 2018 REALLY Bad?

Apple’s reputation for… Less than stellar thermal performance certainly precedes it. But is that really all there is to the 2018 Core i9-equipped MacBook Pro?

 

 

Buy a 2018 MacBook Pro from Apple: http://geni.us/TSBx

 

Buy an ASUS G703G:
On Amazon: http://geni.us/i7BRu
On Newegg: http://geni.us/Va9s

Emily @ LINUS MEDIA GROUP                                  

congratulations on breaking absolutely zero stereotypes - @cs_deathmatch

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

To think that throttling isn't even new to this machine. I got a 2013 recently for a good price and under combined loads the CPU and GPU would throttle due to the heat. I replaced the thermal paste and under volted the CPU and now temps are below 90 under sustained load. Expect the CPU was still throttling which also cause GPU clock rates to drop. How come? Apple designed the VRM to flip the CPU's PROCHOT register when the VRM got too hot which put the CPU into thermal throttle mode. Just putting your hand on the VRM pad thing they had on it would instantly bring performance back. I have to put thermal pads in small strips over the entire area just to gain my full combined performance. They never dropped under base clocks which is likely why no one has ever reported this as a major issue likely due to the thought that the high temps were the sole cause of the throttling.

Main Gaming PC - i9 10850k @ 5GHz - EVGA XC Ultra 2080ti with Heatkiller 4 - Asrock Z490 Taichi - Corsair H115i - 32GB GSkill Ripjaws V 3600 CL16 OC'd to 3733 - HX850i - Samsung NVME 256GB SSD - Samsung 3.2TB PCIe 8x Enterprise NVMe - Toshiba 3TB 7200RPM HD - Lian Li Air

 

Proxmox Server - i7 8700k @ 4.5Ghz - 32GB EVGA 3000 CL15 OC'd to 3200 - Asus Strix Z370-E Gaming - Oracle F80 800GB Enterprise SSD, LSI SAS running 3 4TB and 2 6TB (Both Raid Z0), Samsung 840Pro 120GB - Phanteks Enthoo Pro

 

Super Server - i9 7980Xe @ 4.5GHz - 64GB 3200MHz Cl16 - Asrock X299 Professional - Nvidia Telsa K20 -Sandisk 512GB Enterprise SATA SSD, 128GB Seagate SATA SSD, 1.5TB WD Green (Over 9 years of power on time) - Phanteks Enthoo Pro 2

 

Laptop - 2019 Macbook Pro 16" - i7 - 16GB - 512GB - 5500M 8GB - Thermal Pads and Graphite Tape modded

 

Smart Phones - iPhone X - 64GB, AT&T, iOS 13.3 iPhone 6 : 16gb, AT&T, iOS 12 iPhone 4 : 16gb, AT&T Go Phone, iOS 7.1.1 Jailbroken. iPhone 3G : 8gb, AT&T Go Phone, iOS 4.2.1 Jailbroken.

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

wait why does linus keep mentioning programming in relation to needing powerful hardware? 90%+ of coding could be done on a core 2 duo and you wouldn't know.

Good luck, Have fun, Build PC, and have a last gen console for use once a year. I should answer most of the time between 9 to 3 PST

NightHawk 3.0: R7 5700x @, B550A vision D, H105, 2x32gb Oloy 3600, Sapphire RX 6700XT  Nitro+, Corsair RM750X, 500 gb 850 evo, 2tb rocket and 5tb Toshiba x300, 2x 6TB WD Black W10 all in a 750D airflow.
GF PC: (nighthawk 2.0): R7 2700x, B450m vision D, 4x8gb Geli 2933, Strix GTX970, CX650M RGB, Obsidian 350D

Skunkworks: R5 3500U, 16gb, 500gb Adata XPG 6000 lite, Vega 8. HP probook G455R G6 Ubuntu 20. LTS

Condor (MC server): 6600K, z170m plus, 16gb corsair vengeance LPX, samsung 750 evo, EVGA BR 450.

Spirt  (NAS) ASUS Z9PR-D12, 2x E5 2620V2, 8x4gb, 24 3tb HDD. F80 800gb cache, trueNAS, 2x12disk raid Z3 stripped

PSU Tier List      Motherboard Tier List     SSD Tier List     How to get PC parts cheap    HP probook 445R G6 review

 

"Stupidity is like trying to find a limit of a constant. You are never truly smart in something, just less stupid."

Camera Gear: X-S10, 16-80 F4, 60D, 24-105 F4, 50mm F1.4, Helios44-m, 2 Cos-11D lavs

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

This was surprisingy insightful, thanks for the great video.

 

For people who absolutely want a MacBook, what would you recommand? Spare some money and get the one with the most low-end processor?

Why is SpongeBob the main character when Patrick is the star?

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

people who buy apple's macbook pro, programmers, photographers , will keep buying. 

 

I think the price at this point is just too steep, and when it comes to thermal throttling, I dont think that is an issue. 

If it is not broken, let's fix till it is. 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

6 minutes ago, patrick3027 said:

This was surprisingy insightful, thanks for the great video.

 

For people who absolutely want a MacBook, what would you recommand? Spare some money and get the one with the most low-end processor?

I think at least for ONCE, you gotta have the latest and greatest machine if you want a Mac. 

macOS works wonders when compares to windows. 

 

but after that, I think there is no need to chase the latest model anymore. 

save yourself some big money either GO REFURB, or GO LAST GEN

 

Also the latest hardware + the latest software always give you more trouble, always.

My 2017 had a few OS related issue and a hardware issue as well. 

My old 2012 macbook pro (the one with a CD drive) did not fail in any way during 6 years of usage. 

Sold it for 600 bucks. 

 

I think for me a macbook air is probably all I need. 

But I got a 2017 machine with 16GB of ram. 

 

So, it is really up to you. But dont buy now, wait for the September release. 

 

Edit: however, if you make money out of this machine or your boss pay for it, ask for the top of the line model. You won't regret it. A lot of programmers use 15 inch 32GB 512GB machine. But bare in mind that those people make some serious money doing their work.

Edited by mrchow19910319

If it is not broken, let's fix till it is. 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

1 hour ago, GabenJr said:

 

@LinusSebastian

Any chance you guys can compare the 2017 and 2018 VRM? I haven't seen anyone do it, and I want to know if apple even bothered to upgrade the VRM for the higher power draw CPUs.

I edit my posts a lot, Twitter is @LordStreetguru just don't ask PC questions there mostly...
 

Spoiler

 

What is your budget/country for your new PC?

 

what monitor resolution/refresh rate?

 

What games or other software do you need to run?

 

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

In 2015 I had a macbook-pro for ~2300$ (back then). For work it felt much much better working at home on my windows-notebook (~1900$ one year older).

 

Have fun if you pay an apple-tax of 50% for getting screwed over intentionally all the time. No quality will save you if the manufacturer wants your device to fail.

Btw the windows-notebook still runs modern games even with flawed gpu-cooler

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

I mean, it wouldn't be my first choice. I think I'd rather go with the i7 model tbh. 

Laptop: 2019 16" MacBook Pro i7, 512GB, 5300M 4GB, 16GB DDR4 | Phone: iPhone 13 Pro Max 128GB | Wearables: Apple Watch SE | Car: 2007 Ford Taurus SE | CPU: R7 5700X | Mobo: ASRock B450M Pro4 | RAM: 32GB 3200 | GPU: ASRock RX 5700 8GB | Case: Apple PowerMac G5 | OS: Win 11 | Storage: 1TB Crucial P3 NVME SSD, 1TB PNY CS900, & 4TB WD Blue HDD | PSU: Be Quiet! Pure Power 11 600W | Display: LG 27GL83A-B 1440p @ 144Hz, Dell S2719DGF 1440p @144Hz | Cooling: Wraith Prism | Keyboard: G610 Orion Cherry MX Brown | Mouse: G305 | Audio: Audio Technica ATH-M50X & Blue Snowball | Server: 2018 Core i3 Mac mini, 128GB SSD, Intel UHD 630, 16GB DDR4 | Storage: OWC Mercury Elite Pro Quad (6TB WD Blue HDD, 12TB Seagate Barracuda, 1TB Crucial SSD, 2TB Seagate Barracuda HDD)
Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

30 minutes ago, DrMacintosh said:

I mean, it wouldn't be my first choice. I think I'd rather go with the i7 model tbh. 

Basically this. From my point of view, the cooling on the 15" MBP is adequate for 35W parts, while the i9 is a 45W. It can be TDP-downed to 35W, which is what Apple is doing with the macOS patch.

Emily @ LINUS MEDIA GROUP                                  

congratulations on breaking absolutely zero stereotypes - @cs_deathmatch

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

Here's the problem with the data recovery connector. The T2 always on encryption is handled by a Secure Enclave Processor in the T2 (will be henceforth referred to as SEP). That SEP has a crypto engine which contains a "UID key" (exactly like the one on iOS devices) that never leaves that T2 and is only accessible to the crypto engine. Apple does not want to backdoor SEP by having a connector like that (since it'd affect iOS devices as well) so they just make the data inaccessible without the T2 working. It sucks I know, but they're implementing more of the iOS security scheme by the days. Anti downgrade is already enabled by default but can be disabled on Macs (in contrast to iOS devices) and it's only a matter of time before anti downgrade is mandatory, all data is permanently tied to a CPU, and other things Apple will do to be more restrictive.

 

 

All info was obtained from here: https://www.apple.com/business/site/docs/iOS_Security_Guide.pdf

 

Sections that have the info:

 

System Security: Secure boot chain, Secure Enclave, and System Software Authorization

 

Encryption and Data Protection: Hardware security features

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

Sorry Linus, no flame wars on the forum. 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

39 minutes ago, GabenJr said:

Basically this. From my point of view, the cooling on the 15" MBP is adequate for 35W parts, while the i9 is a 45W. It can be TDP-downed to 35W, which is what Apple is doing with the macOS patch.

But the old Pro's also used 45W parts? They were configurable down to 35 but they also tended to sit well above base clock under load. It's possible that the higher thermal density is the cause of the higher difficulty in cooling the chips since it appears that everyone is having issues when they didn't before.

Main Gaming PC - i9 10850k @ 5GHz - EVGA XC Ultra 2080ti with Heatkiller 4 - Asrock Z490 Taichi - Corsair H115i - 32GB GSkill Ripjaws V 3600 CL16 OC'd to 3733 - HX850i - Samsung NVME 256GB SSD - Samsung 3.2TB PCIe 8x Enterprise NVMe - Toshiba 3TB 7200RPM HD - Lian Li Air

 

Proxmox Server - i7 8700k @ 4.5Ghz - 32GB EVGA 3000 CL15 OC'd to 3200 - Asus Strix Z370-E Gaming - Oracle F80 800GB Enterprise SSD, LSI SAS running 3 4TB and 2 6TB (Both Raid Z0), Samsung 840Pro 120GB - Phanteks Enthoo Pro

 

Super Server - i9 7980Xe @ 4.5GHz - 64GB 3200MHz Cl16 - Asrock X299 Professional - Nvidia Telsa K20 -Sandisk 512GB Enterprise SATA SSD, 128GB Seagate SATA SSD, 1.5TB WD Green (Over 9 years of power on time) - Phanteks Enthoo Pro 2

 

Laptop - 2019 Macbook Pro 16" - i7 - 16GB - 512GB - 5500M 8GB - Thermal Pads and Graphite Tape modded

 

Smart Phones - iPhone X - 64GB, AT&T, iOS 13.3 iPhone 6 : 16gb, AT&T, iOS 12 iPhone 4 : 16gb, AT&T Go Phone, iOS 7.1.1 Jailbroken. iPhone 3G : 8gb, AT&T Go Phone, iOS 4.2.1 Jailbroken.

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

9 minutes ago, Hunter259 said:

But the old Pro's also used 45W parts? They were configurable down to 35 but they also tended to sit well above base clock under load. It's possible that the higher thermal density is the cause of the higher difficulty in cooling the chips since it appears that everyone is having issues when they didn't before.

Intel's TDPs are lies.

The chip has 2 extra cores, and they couldn't even properly cool 4 core CPUs. Adding 50% more power the mix requires at minimum a 50% better cooler.

But then apple might have to make the whole thing 5mm thicker and we can't have that.

I edit my posts a lot, Twitter is @LordStreetguru just don't ask PC questions there mostly...
 

Spoiler

 

What is your budget/country for your new PC?

 

what monitor resolution/refresh rate?

 

What games or other software do you need to run?

 

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

10 minutes ago, Streetguru said:

Intel's TDPs are lies.

The chip has 2 extra cores, and they couldn't even properly cool 4 core CPUs. Adding 50% more power the mix requires at minimum a 50% better cooler.

But then apple might have to make the whole thing 5mm thicker and we can't have that.

Once again, basically this. Even if the TDP were actually identical, power density and delivery is not. And for that matter, much has been made of the VRMs and their cooling being insufficient as well, which combines to give us the gift of water-boiling CPU temperatures.

Emily @ LINUS MEDIA GROUP                                  

congratulations on breaking absolutely zero stereotypes - @cs_deathmatch

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

1 minute ago, GabenJr said:

Once again, basically this. Even if the TDP were actually identical, power density and delivery is not. And for that matter, much has been made of the VRMs and their cooling being insufficient as well, which combines to give us the gift of water-boiling CPU temperatures.

So do you know if the VRM is the same as with the 4 core model? I'm sure Rossman would be very happy to hear that.

I edit my posts a lot, Twitter is @LordStreetguru just don't ask PC questions there mostly...
 

Spoiler

 

What is your budget/country for your new PC?

 

what monitor resolution/refresh rate?

 

What games or other software do you need to run?

 

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

39 minutes ago, Streetguru said:

So do you know if the VRM is the same as with the 4 core model? I'm sure Rossman would be very happy to hear that.

During the course of shooting I hadn’t taken a close look since the throttling issue was clearly a thermal one. I may get a chance to look at it a little more closely in the coming days, depending on whether or not it’s needed for other projects. Our older MacBook is permanently in use as a workstation right now though.

Emily @ LINUS MEDIA GROUP                                  

congratulations on breaking absolutely zero stereotypes - @cs_deathmatch

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

2 hours ago, Streetguru said:

Intel's TDPs are lies.

The chip has 2 extra cores, and they couldn't even properly cool 4 core CPUs. Adding 50% more power the mix requires at minimum a 50% better cooler.

But then apple might have to make the whole thing 5mm thicker and we can't have that.

Well, it's more that they are following their definition of TDP by the book. 

 

On ARK, Intel's definition of TDP is the amount of heat in watts generated by the CPU when running a realistically heavy workload at base clocks (no overclocking or turbo) that the cooler has to dissipate. 

 

The quirk is that Kaby Lake all the way back to Sandy Bridge, even when stressed, the CPU would remain under the rated TDP. Coffee Lake's aggressive clocks and increased core count potentially coupled with a micro architecture that has not changed all that much probably resulted in this 

The Workhorse (AMD-powered custom desktop)

CPU: AMD Ryzen 7 3700X | GPU: MSI X Trio GeForce RTX 2070S | RAM: XPG Spectrix D60G 32GB DDR4-3200 | Storage: 512GB XPG SX8200P + 2TB 7200RPM Seagate Barracuda Compute | OS: Microsoft Windows 10 Pro

 

The Portable Workstation (Apple MacBook Pro 16" 2021)

SoC: Apple M1 Max (8+2 core CPU w/ 32-core GPU) | RAM: 32GB unified LPDDR5 | Storage: 1TB PCIe Gen4 SSD | OS: macOS Monterey

 

The Communicator (Apple iPhone 13 Pro)

SoC: Apple A15 Bionic | RAM: 6GB LPDDR4X | Storage: 128GB internal w/ NVMe controller | Display: 6.1" 2532x1170 "Super Retina XDR" OLED with VRR at up to 120Hz | OS: iOS 15.1

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

Prescott days eh? Reminds me of how the North Bridge heatsink mount of my AOpen board completely failed over several years of use. That Pentium 4 HT chip ran hot with included Intel heatsink so maybe that's why the North Bridge mount failed. 

Image result for silenttec

People who had an AOpen board with Prescott CPUs would be familiar with this darn thing making the case speaker beep at you whenever the chip ran over 60, which was pretty often. 

 

Intel® Core™ i7-12700 | GIGABYTE B660 AORUS MASTER DDR4 | Gigabyte Radeon™ RX 6650 XT Gaming OC | 32GB Corsair Vengeance® RGB Pro SL DDR4 | Samsung 990 Pro 1TB | WD Green 1.5TB | Windows 11 Pro | NZXT H510 Flow White
Sony MDR-V250 | GNT-500 | Logitech G610 Orion Brown | Logitech G402 | Samsung C27JG5 | ASUS ProArt PA238QR
iPhone 12 Mini (iOS 17.2.1) | iPhone XR (iOS 17.2.1) | iPad Mini (iOS 9.3.5) | KZ AZ09 Pro x KZ ZSN Pro X | Sennheiser HD450bt
Intel® Core™ i7-1265U | Kioxia KBG50ZNV512G | 16GB DDR4 | Windows 11 Enterprise | HP EliteBook 650 G9
Intel® Core™ i5-8520U | WD Blue M.2 250GB | 1TB Seagate FireCuda | 16GB DDR4 | Windows 11 Home | ASUS Vivobook 15 
Intel® Core™ i7-3520M | GT 630M | 16 GB Corsair Vengeance® DDR3 |
Samsung 850 EVO 250GB | macOS Catalina | Lenovo IdeaPad P580

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

9 hours ago, DrMacintosh said:

I mean, it wouldn't be my first choice. I think I'd rather go with the i7 model tbh. 

i9 is stupid, i9 on a *laptop* is beyond retarded and pure marketing bullshit. Apple is not the only one who did this

Makes me feel more comfortable buying a 2017 version used

CPU: Intel Core i7 10700K 8C/16T @ 5.2GHz All Cores -- CPU Cooler: EK AIO 360 D-RGB 

 Motherboard: ASUS ROG STRIX Z490-F Gaming -- RAM: G-Skill Trident Z 32GB (16x2) DDR4-3000 

SSD#1: Samsung PM981 256GB -- HDD: Seagate Barracuda 2TB -- GPU: ASUS TUF GAMING RTX 3080 10GB OC MSI GTX 1070 Duke

PSU: FSP Hydro G Pro 850W -- Case: Corsair 275R Airflow Black

Monitor: ASUS TUF Gaming VG27AQ 1440p 165Hz -- Keyboard: Ducky Shine 7 Cherry MX Brown -- Mouse: Logitech G304 K/DA Limited Edition

 

Phone: iPhone 12 Pro Max 256GB

Headphones: Sony WH-1000XM4 / Apple AirPods 2

Laptop: MacBook Air 2020 M1 8-core CPU / 7-core GPU | 8GB RAM | 256GB SSD

TV: LG B9 OLED TV | Sony HT-X9000F Soundbar

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

1 hour ago, SeraphicWings said:

i9 is stupid, i9 on a *laptop* is beyond retarded and pure marketing bullshit. Apple is not the only one who did this

Makes me feel more comfortable buying a 2017 version used

It depends on the laptop

 

Mega desktop replacements can handle it even when overclocked, albeit at very high temperatures and at very high power consumption.

 

But on a thin and light? Nah. You're better off with the 8750H.

The Workhorse (AMD-powered custom desktop)

CPU: AMD Ryzen 7 3700X | GPU: MSI X Trio GeForce RTX 2070S | RAM: XPG Spectrix D60G 32GB DDR4-3200 | Storage: 512GB XPG SX8200P + 2TB 7200RPM Seagate Barracuda Compute | OS: Microsoft Windows 10 Pro

 

The Portable Workstation (Apple MacBook Pro 16" 2021)

SoC: Apple M1 Max (8+2 core CPU w/ 32-core GPU) | RAM: 32GB unified LPDDR5 | Storage: 1TB PCIe Gen4 SSD | OS: macOS Monterey

 

The Communicator (Apple iPhone 13 Pro)

SoC: Apple A15 Bionic | RAM: 6GB LPDDR4X | Storage: 128GB internal w/ NVMe controller | Display: 6.1" 2532x1170 "Super Retina XDR" OLED with VRR at up to 120Hz | OS: iOS 15.1

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

15 hours ago, Hunter259 said:

To think that throttling isn't even new to this machine. I got a 2013 recently for a good price and under combined loads the CPU and GPU would throttle due to the heat. I replaced the thermal paste and under volted the CPU and now temps are below 90 under sustained load. Expect the CPU was still throttling which also cause GPU clock rates to drop. How come? Apple designed the VRM to flip the CPU's PROCHOT register when the VRM got too hot which put the CPU into thermal throttle mode. Just putting your hand on the VRM pad thing they had on it would instantly bring performance back. I have to put thermal pads in small strips over the entire area just to gain my full combined performance. They never dropped under base clocks which is likely why no one has ever reported this as a major issue likely due to the thought that the high temps were the sole cause of the throttling.

Oh yeah, it's just that this time it was so bad at launch that even the most rabid apple fans had t acknowledge it was a problem.

3 hours ago, SeraphicWings said:

i9 is stupid, i9 on a *laptop* is beyond retarded and pure marketing bullshit. Apple is not the only one who did this

Makes me feel more comfortable buying a 2017 version used

It's just fine if you put it in a machine with adequate cooling. A macbook pro does not fit that description. There are laptops with desktop cpus in them for that matter.

11 hours ago, GabenJr said:

Once again, basically this. Even if the TDP were actually identical, power density and delivery is not. And for that matter, much has been made of the VRMs and their cooling being insufficient as well, which combines to give us the gift of water-boiling CPU temperatures.

What's even worse is that overloaded VRMs cause voltage fluctuations which aren't exactly healthy for the cpu...

Don't ask to ask, just ask... please 🤨

sudo chmod -R 000 /*

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

Hello everyone,

 

  I'm new to the forum and I feel that I will get great feedback here.

 

At my Job I have two options of laptops either there top of the line Surface Book 2 or top of the line MacBook pro 2018.

 

This is what I'll be using it for,

-Adobe Products

  - Dreamweaver (Heavily)

  - Premier (slightly Heavily)

  - Photoshop (moderate)

-LabVIEW (on mac of course on parallels)

-Coding (moderate)

-lots of multitasking programs 

-No Gaming

-

 

I'm leaning towards the MacBook Pro but would love some feedback on maybe why the surface book might be a better choice. 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

@drunkship The thing with the MacBook Pro is that you can't upgrade it too much and the keyboard is spotty. The Surface Book 2 would serve you better for most things you said, but the hard part is that coding part. Coding is best done on UNIX based platforms, so on a PC, unless you want to Hackintosh, a Linux based platform is the best choice for coding, but Adobe products don't work on Linux. I'd say stick to the Surface Book 2. Now is a Mac still an excellent choice? Absolutely. But here's the thing: if you want to use a Mac for that professional work, wait for the Mac Pro next year. Hope I was able to help. 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

There have been many reports and tests done with the 8950 H i9 to the point that the heat issues have discouraged me from opting for this configuration.

 

However what is of much more interest to me are similar test results using the same configuration - except substituting the 8750 H i7 and the 8850 H i7. While these processors are a bit slower they still have adequate power for the work I do...and if the temps are lower, having a reduced risk of heat warping and potential data loss is worth the reduction in processing speed.

 

Are these i7 machines safer to use? Is there empirical data to support your position?

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Link to post
Share on other sites

Create an account or sign in to comment

You need to be a member in order to leave a comment

Create an account

Sign up for a new account in our community. It's easy!

Register a new account

Sign in

Already have an account? Sign in here.

Sign In Now

×