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Metallic Hydrogen

Sephiroth
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A brief video and article can be found here: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/hydrogen-metal-revolution-technology-space-rockets-superconductor-harvard-university-a7548221.html?cmpid in case you lack the resources (or care) to access the full journal article found here: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/01/25/science.aal1579

 

To summarize, Harvard University scientists, using a pressure greater than what is found at the center of the earth, found a way to turn liquid hydrogen into a solid metal. The implications are potentially revolutionary for everything from electric wiring (solid hydrogen is a superconductor) to space travel (the energy capacity would make it the most effective rocket fuel available). The catch--as there always is one--is that the metal is not yet metastable in the experiments, meaning that when the pressure is removed from it and it warms up, the solid hydrogen reverts into a liquid and then a gas. Theoretically, metastable solid hydrogen is possible, and would be essentially due to the same reason that carbon forms diamonds that do not revert to their original state after experiencing immense pressure and extreme temperature. In practice... well, it'll likely take some time. 

 

I gotta say, I'm no expert (I just enjoy the science-y videos), but it doesn't take a genius to recognize the milestone that would be a room temperature superconductor. I just hope that, when it does become possible, Samsung doesn't use it in their phones since they explode enough as it is already.

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Instead of reading "meta stable", I read it as "me tastable"... 

 

On topic, hopefully this doesn't fit into the carbon nano-tube bucket of "never going to happen" or "any day now".

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future of affordable rockets are something  to look foreword to, it will take a long time for these theoretical research to usable rocket fuel.  

space x will push for affordable space travel, can't wait for the future. 

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im still waiting for solid helium, gotta get funny voice pills

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10 minutes ago, Maslofski said:

im still waiting for solid helium, gotta get funny voice pills

that can be really dangerous(kill you), helium freezes at really low temp, helium freezes at -271C.

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Apparently since gasses can have metallic forms, this explains why gas giants have a magnetic field.

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That's not practical in the short run but cool. How about globally we try to get better batteries? That would fix almost every problem known to man

▓ƆԀ▓ S▓₱▓Ɇ▓c▓s▓: i7 6ʇɥפᴉƎ00K (4.4ghz), Asus DeLuxe X99A II, GT҉X҉1҉0҉8҉0 Zotac Amp ExTrꍟꎭe),Si6F4Gb D???????r PlatinUm, EVGA G2 Sǝʌǝᘉ5ᙣᙍᖇᓎᙎᗅᖶt, Phanteks Enthoo Primo, 3TB WD Black, 500gb 850 Evo, H100iGeeTeeX, Windows 10, K70 R̸̢̡̭͍͕̱̭̟̩̀̀̃́̃͒̈́̈́͑̑́̆͘͜ͅG̶̦̬͊́B̸͈̝̖͗̈́, G502, HyperX Cloud 2s, Asus MX34. פN∩SW∀S 960 EVO

Just keeping this here as a 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7 minutes ago, SamStrecker said:

That's not practical in the short run but cool. How about globally we try to get better batteries? That would fix almost every problem known to man

Or cancer, or aging. But ya know, batteries are cool too  

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2 minutes ago, Wolther said:

Or cancer, or aging. But ya know, batteries are cool too  

Bettering humanity? We just need a phone that lasts a week without charge, please get your priorities straight /s

if you have to insist you think for yourself, i'm not going to believe you.

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Posted

For rocket fuel, slush Hydrogen (triple point of hydrogen where it is in equilibrium of all three phases) is more efficient to make and has a higher energy density than metallic Hydrogen which has a higher overall density. 

17 minutes ago, SamStrecker said:

That's not practical in the short run but cool. How about globally we try to get better batteries? That would fix almost every problem known to man

The problem is that Hydrogen still readily has combustion reactions with Nitrogen and Oxygen which would make an extremely dangerous substance unless isolated in a noble gas or vacuum. Also to note: obtaining >500GPa of pressure takes a lot of energy = extremely expensive and inefficient. 

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30 minutes ago, ARikozuM said:

On topic, hopefully this doesn't fit into the carbon nano-tube bucket of "never going to happen" or "any day now".

Unfortunately. To say that the pressures required are impractical would be an incredible underestimation.

At least carbon nanotubes have practical applications in chemistry separation sciences.

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42 minutes ago, nerdslayer1 said:

that can be really dangerous(kill you), helium freezes at really low temp, helium freezes at -271C.

but how will we know without trying to eat a piece?

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17 minutes ago, Qwweb said:

 

The problem is that Hydrogen still readily has combustion reactions with Nitrogen and Oxygen which would make an extremely dangerous substance unless isolated in a noble gas or vacuum. Also to note: obtaining >500GPa of pressure takes a lot of energy = extremely expensive and inefficient. 

 

10 minutes ago, DrMikeNZ said:

Unfortunately. To say that the pressures required are impractical would be an incredible underestimation.

At least carbon nanotubes have practical applications in chemistry separation sciences.

Would it really take a lot of energy though? I know that is a lot of pressure (not an engineer or anything) but there must be a difference between long term pressure and short term pressure. If that amount of pressure only lasted for a few femtoseconds (10^−15 s) the energy requirements must be smaller than what we are currently thinking.

Also I went for femtoseconds because that's the shortest pulse time our current fastest lasers have. 

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34 minutes ago, Wolther said:

Or cancer, or aging. But ya know, batteries are cool too  

Nah with batteries if you think long enough we could cure all of it.

▓ƆԀ▓ S▓₱▓Ɇ▓c▓s▓: i7 6ʇɥפᴉƎ00K (4.4ghz), Asus DeLuxe X99A II, GT҉X҉1҉0҉8҉0 Zotac Amp ExTrꍟꎭe),Si6F4Gb D???????r PlatinUm, EVGA G2 Sǝʌǝᘉ5ᙣᙍᖇᓎᙎᗅᖶt, Phanteks Enthoo Primo, 3TB WD Black, 500gb 850 Evo, H100iGeeTeeX, Windows 10, K70 R̸̢̡̭͍͕̱̭̟̩̀̀̃́̃͒̈́̈́͑̑́̆͘͜ͅG̶̦̬͊́B̸͈̝̖͗̈́, G502, HyperX Cloud 2s, Asus MX34. פN∩SW∀S 960 EVO

Just keeping this here as a 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̌̅̒̾̈́̆͌̌̾̎̽̐̅̏́̈̔͛̀̋̃͊̒̓͗͒̑͒̃͂̌̄̇̑̇͛̆̾͛̒̇̍̒̓̀̈́̄̐͂̍͊͗̎̔͌͛̂̏̉̊̎͗͊͒̂̈̽̊́̔̊̃͑̈́̑̌̋̓̅̔́́͒̄̈́̈̂͐̈̅̈̓͌̓͊́̆͌̉͐̊̉͛̓̏̓̅̈́͂̉̒̇̉̆̀̍̄̇͆͛̏̉̑̃̓͂́͋̃̆̒͋̓͊̄́̓̕̕̕̚͘͘͘̚̕̚͘̕̕͜͜͝͝͝͠͝͝͝͝͠ͅS̷̢̨̧̢̡̨̢̨̢̨̧̧̨̧͚̱̪͇̱̮̪̮̦̝͖̜͙̘̪̘̟̱͇͎̻̪͚̩͍̠̹̮͚̦̝̤͖̙͔͚̙̺̩̥̻͈̺̦͕͈̹̳̖͓̜͚̜̭͉͇͖̟͔͕̹̯̬͍̱̫̮͓̙͇̗̙̼͚̪͇̦̗̜̼̠͈̩̠͉͉̘̱̯̪̟͕̘͖̝͇̼͕̳̻̜͖̜͇̣̠̹̬̗̝͓̖͚̺̫͛̉̅̐̕͘͜͜͜͜ͅͅͅ.̶̨̢̢̨̢̨̢̛̻͙̜̼̮̝̙̣̘̗̪̜̬̳̫̙̮̣̹̥̲̥͇͈̮̟͉̰̮̪̲̗̳̰̫̙͍̦̘̠̗̥̮̹̤̼̼̩͕͉͕͇͙̯̫̩̦̟̦̹͈͔̱̝͈̤͓̻̟̮̱͖̟̹̝͉̰͊̓̏̇͂̅̀̌͑̿͆̿̿͗̽̌̈́̉̂̀̒̊̿͆̃̄͑͆̃̇͒̀͐̍̅̃̍̈́̃̕͘͜͜͝͠͠z̴̢̢̡̧̢̢̧̢̨̡̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̲͚̠̜̮̠̜̞̤̺͈̘͍̻̫͖̣̥̗̙̳͓͙̫̫͖͍͇̬̲̳̭̘̮̤̬̖̼͎̬̯̼̮͔̭̠͎͓̼̖̟͈͓̦̩̦̳̙̮̗̮̩͙͓̮̰̜͎̺̞̝̪͎̯̜͈͇̪̙͎̩͖̭̟͎̲̩͔͓͈͌́̿͐̍̓͗͑̒̈́̎͂̋͂̀͂̑͂͊͆̍͛̄̃͌͗̌́̈̊́́̅͗̉͛͌͋̂̋̇̅̔̇͊͑͆̐̇͊͋̄̈́͆̍̋̏͑̓̈́̏̀͒̂̔̄̅̇̌̀̈́̿̽̋͐̾̆͆͆̈̌̿̈́̎͌̊̓̒͐̾̇̈́̍͛̅͌̽́̏͆̉́̉̓̅́͂͛̄̆͌̈́̇͐̒̿̾͌͊͗̀͑̃̊̓̈̈́̊͒̒̏̿́͑̄̑͋̀̽̀̔̀̎̄͑̌̔́̉̐͛̓̐̅́̒̎̈͆̀̍̾̀͂̄̈́̈́̈́̑̏̈́̐̽̐́̏̂̐̔̓̉̈́͂̕̚̕͘͘̚͘̚̕̚̚̚͘̕̕̕͜͜͝͠͠͝͝͝͝͠͝͝͝͠͝͝͝͝͝͝ͅͅͅī̸̧̧̧̡̨̨̢̨̛̛̘͓̼̰̰̮̗̰͚̙̥̣͍̦̺͈̣̻͇̱͔̰͈͓͖͈̻̲̫̪̲͈̜̲̬̖̻̰̦̰͙̤̘̝̦̟͈̭̱̮̠͍̖̲͉̫͔͖͔͈̻̖̝͎̖͕͔̣͈̤̗̱̀̅̃̈́͌̿̏͋̊̇̂̀̀̒̉̄̈́͋͌̽́̈́̓̑̈̀̍͗͜͜͠͠ͅp̴̢̢̧̨̡̡̨̢̨̢̢̢̨̡̛̛͕̩͕̟̫̝͈̖̟̣̲̖̭̙͇̟̗͖͎̹͇̘̰̗̝̹̤̺͉͎̙̝̟͙͚̦͚͖̜̫̰͖̼̤̥̤̹̖͉͚̺̥̮̮̫͖͍̼̰̭̤̲͔̩̯̣͖̻͇̞̳̬͉̣̖̥̣͓̤͔̪̙͎̰̬͚̣̭̞̬͎̼͉͓̮͙͕̗̦̞̥̮̘̻͎̭̼͚͎͈͇̥̗͖̫̮̤̦͙̭͎̝͖̣̰̱̩͎̩͎̘͇̟̠̱̬͈̗͍̦̘̱̰̤̱̘̫̫̮̥͕͉̥̜̯͖̖͍̮̼̲͓̤̮͈̤͓̭̝̟̲̲̳̟̠͉̙̻͕͙̞͔̖͈̱̞͓͔̬̮͎̙̭͎̩̟̖͚̆͐̅͆̿͐̄̓̀̇̂̊̃̂̄̊̀͐̍̌̅͌̆͊̆̓́̄́̃̆͗͊́̓̀͑͐̐̇͐̍́̓̈́̓̑̈̈́̽͂́̑͒͐͋̊͊̇̇̆̑̃̈́̎͛̎̓͊͛̐̾́̀͌̐̈́͛̃̂̈̿̽̇̋̍͒̍͗̈͘̚̚͘̚͘͘͜͜͜͜͜͜͠͠͝͝ͅͅͅ☻♥■∞{╚mYÄÜXτ╕○\╚Θº£¥ΘBM@Q05♠{{↨↨▬§¶‼↕◄►☼1♦  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Posted

also important to note is that Uranium's energy density (in a fissile breeder) is 275,070,245.065 times greater (427,734,231,076 Watt-hours/Liter) than the highest energy density of Hydrogen (chemically) (1,555 Watt-hours/Liter).

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2 minutes ago, Qwweb said:

also important to note is that Uranium's energy density (in a fissile breeder) is 275,070,245.065 times greater (427,734,231,076 Watt-hours/Liter) than the highest energy density of Hydrogen (chemically) (1,555 Watt-hours/Liter).

Gotta remember, Uranium is also a lot... like a lot less common than hydrogen 

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59 minutes ago, Wolther said:

Apparently since gasses can have metallic forms, this explains why gas giants have a magnetic field.

Well, no, not exactly. The dynamo effect is what's thought to produce Earth's magnetic field, as well as the magnetic fields from most planetary cores. I'm kinda short on time and also not a physicist (at least not a very good one) so let me refer you to this generic wikipedia article describing the phenomenon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory and this slightly more scientific article of the same thing: https://www.uu.edu/dept/physics/scienceguys/2004Sept.cfm

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15 minutes ago, Wolther said:

Would it really take a lot of energy though? I know that is a lot of pressure (not an engineer or anything) but there must be a different between long term pressure and short term pressure. If that amount of pressure only lasted for a few femtoseconds (10^−15 s) the energy requirements must be smaller than what we are currently thinking.

Also I went for femtoseconds because that's the shortest pulse time our current fastest lasers have. 

If you only applied the pressure for a few femptoseconds, you would only have metallic hydrogen for a few femptoseconds. Not long enough to even consider it ever existed, and certainly not long enough to use it. We don't quite have fabrication of complex structures out of diamond nutted out, so we won't be making any storage tanks anytime soon, and with these pressures diamond can catastrophically fail pretty much by looking at it.

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14 minutes ago, DrMikeNZ said:

If you only applied the pressure for a few femptoseconds, you would only have metallic hydrogen for a few femptoseconds. Not long enough to even consider it ever existed, and certainly not long enough to use it. We don't quite have fabrication of complex structures out of diamond nutted out, so we won't be making any storage tanks anytime soon, and with these pressures diamond can catastrophically fail pretty much by looking at it.

"That means if you take the pressure off, it will stay metallic, similar to the way diamonds form from graphite under intense heat and pressure, but remains a diamond when that pressure and heat is removed" 

It says that once its at that state it'll stay that way once the pressure is released though. 

20 minutes ago, Sephiroth said:

Well, no, not exactly. The dynamo effect is what's thought to produce Earth's magnetic field, as well as the magnetic fields from most planetary cores. I'm kinda short on time and also not a physicist (at least not a very good one) so let me refer you to this generic wikipedia article describing the phenomenon: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo_theory and this slightly more scientific article of the same thing: https://www.uu.edu/dept/physics/scienceguys/2004Sept.cfm

No I know that, Earth is a solid, obviously, with a liquid metal core. Gas giants are made up of gas (we don't know yet if it has other materials near the inner center of it) but if it doesn't, then this is a possibility of metallic (gasses) in a liquid state flowing in currents causing that same dynamo effect 

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I was literally about to post about how we should be focusing on making an actually long lasting, small battery. But somebody above beat me to it. Damn't. Lol.

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CPU: Ryzen 7 7800X3D

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Only thing is, uh, if you check the article it requires 71793810 PSI of force... Which is a lot... And probably requires a lot of power...

 

Is it really that practical if it requires that much pressure? I'm no physics major but over 70 million psi of force doesn't sound very practical to me...

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6 minutes ago, Wolther said:

It says that once its at that state it'll stay that way once the pressure is released though. 

That is a theory which hasn't been tested or proven yet. It is more likely that it will be unstable.

I look forward to seeing when they finish their experiment.

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2 hours ago, Maslofski said:

but how will we know without trying to eat a piece?

You do realize that solidified helium wouldn't make your voice change though right?

The only reason that works is because helium, in its gaseous state, is a lot lighter than the normal air we breath. Therefor the sound waves that make up your voice travel through it more quickly thus making your voice higher pitched. The opposite would happen if you inhaled a heavier gas, which is hopefully biologically inert, such as sulfur hexafluoride.

Thus simply eating it won't produce the desired effect.

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