What does 12v 2a mean?
Each fan consumes some amount of power.
Power is the product of voltage (V) and current (Amps).
So for example, if a fan says on the label 12v 0.15A , then you know the fan consumes up to 12v x 0.15A = 1.8w
Just the same, if the label of the fan say 12v 3w, you can simply determine the current by dividing the numbers ... current = 3w / 12v = 0.25A
Each fan header on your motherboard is designed to handle up to 1A of current, maybe a bit more.
Some fan headers are a bit more special, they're designed for 2A or more, in case you connect to it a water cooling system, where the pumps can consume more than a fan.
So some fan headers can provide up to 2A.
The cable tells you that if you add up the current values for all the fans you use with the splitter, you should not exceed the 2A value. For extra safety, you should try to keep it closer to 1A.

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