Does anyone know what processor this is?
To make it easy to understand, short version:
That card is like a computer on a pci-e slot. You plug it in your computer and there's a very simplified Linux starting and using all those processors and you can connect to the card like you would connect to another computer using TeamViewer or Remote Desktop Connection only in just text mode.
You can transfer specially made programs into the card and run them on the card and then transfer the results to your computer like you would download files from another computer to your computer.
The programs have to be build from scratch in such a way as to account for the limitations of the tiny Linux operating system built inside the card, and the programs must be written in a special way to use all the cores and all the threads that the card can use, but the downside is the limited amount of memory so often your programs have to be specially written in such a way as to take small chunks of "work", do them , send the results and clear the memory, download another chunk of work into the card and process it and so on...
It may be useful for applications that can have the work split in lots of very very tiny jobs, like for example an 8K image that you have to render with raytracing or some other very accurate methods and which can split the image in 32 x 32 pixel squares and do those independently. Each thread would use little memory and build the whole image.
Could be useful for physics stuff like computing where you may find oil, or doing math on earthquake data or whatever, again stuff that can be split in lots of tiny chunks...,
It would be difficult to use with video encoding for example, because most codecs work with larger slices of each frame, like let's say 80-100 slices of 1920x16 pixels for 1920x1080 pictures, and video codecs also have to keep track of up to 10-16 whole pictures which use a lot of memory. maybe more than what this card has.
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