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First off, movies look far better in 24fps than they do in games. They use motion blur. That's why if you pause a movie when something is moving, that will usually be blurred. It gives the illusion of a much faster frame rate. 

 

Second, the answer is pretty simple: cutting the frame rate down by more than half greatly reduces the file size. That means it can be streamed easily, and fit on optical media. 

 

PS: Motion blur in movies isn't at all the same thing as the motion blur settings in games. 

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If you think 24fps is too bad for video, then you are the minority on that. You can try SVP (smooth video project) on videos watched on your PC, but not much you can do on movies played in cinemas.

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24fps for movies comes from the days of CELLULOID FILM when it was still expensive to produce and trying to find a balance between "looks smooth enough on playback" & "doesn't use so much film to run". It was further enforced as the balance point once audio was added on-film synced with the movie (prior to'd have hand-cranked films running at like 18-22fps).

 

25fps for PAL TV & 30/29.97fps for NTSC (30 in black & white, 29.97 for color) comes from the AC mains cycles of 50Hz in Europe & other PAL regions and 60Hz in North America. Color NTSC has a slightly lower (not generally noticeable) framerate due to having to cut it back slightly to fit the colour signal along with the rest of the video signal in the fixed-limit bandwidth for transmission that was setup during the black & white days.

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If something's too blurry for me, it starts screwing with me. This happens regardless whether or not it's happening at 24FPS or 144FPS.

 

The problem with cinematography is that you're sort of forced to see what the director wants you to see and what they told the film crew to focus on, among other things. It's less of a problem in games because you can move the camera around and most developers tend to be logical about when to apply depth of field.

 

As for why movies are still 24 FPS? Aside from the practical reasons stated above, because most people grew up on 24 FPS, 24 FPS feels more natural to them. When Peter Jackson tried 48 FPS for the Hobbit trilogy, a lot of people didn't like it, even though quite a few cinemaphiles actually preferred it. Plus for some reason, people (or at least older ones) associate faster frame rates with cheap soap operas and think faster frame rates means cheaper quality. Though there's another side to it: higher frame rates also make special effects and other things more obvious and less real.

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