Claryn

Web "programmers" not caring about memory management is the exact reason why "web-based" software like Atom is such an abnormous pile of resource abuse. There is typed JavaScript (TypeScript) - but even if there wasn't, the assumption that they wouldn't "need to know" will make things worse.

Programming on Windows is terrible, period. Why?
No built-in package manager, support for version managers (afaik), you just have chocolatey which isn't too comfortable to use PowerShell and cmd commands are different from macOS/Linux ones, the shells aren't easy nor comfortable to use. If you're not using a proper editor, unix line endings could get replaced with Windows line endings and screw up your code. Many niche languages and libraries simply don't support Windows. It's more difficult to get build tools, compilers etc., and their installation is way more time consuming than on macOS/Linux.  
Unfortunately, I don't think you have much experience in development, people don't just do development in pure HTML - I don't know a company where it would've been done so. Everyone uses either a full-fledged front-end framework environment (Vue + webpack for example) or they are using back-end language/features, like Jade for JS or Blade for PHP (Laravel), and in pretty much all decent webapps you'll use some kind of toolchain. For both case scenarios, you need good editors that can support custom syntaxes and build tools to actually run your code.
 
 

Ever since I "broke off relations" with Microsoft about 15 years ago, I still thought it good practice professionally to leave the Windows default OS "squeezed" but intact and functional on most PCs of mine, or of clients. However, when a day ago, I discovered Win7 had been replaced by Windows 10 (without notice, with updates already turned off) on a Lenovo desktop, I decided I'd had enough, and simply wiped all things Microsoft off the machine.
 
I decided I would install Xubuntu 16.04 in the "lower half" of the now empty HD, and see if I could install Lubuntu 16.04 in the "upper half", in dual-boot mode. Sure enough, after getting Xubuntu up and running, I ran the install disk for Lubuntu, and at the partition juncture, it had an option: "Install Lubuntu alongside [the existing OS]" (words to that effect), promising a clean dual-boot coexistence between the two flavors of Ubuntu.
 
I am no expert on Grub, but I was having a hard time figuring out how this was supposed to work, since as I understand it, Grub installs part of itself in a space at the bottom of the device. But, I figured Ubuntu's people must know what they're doing, so I went ahead with it. Explaining the chaos that followed in detail would be a little too painful. Suffice to say, I was never able to figure out "who's on first...".
 
The boot menu made no clear distinction between two distinct installations ("alongside each other"), and all the references to the home device were '/dev/sda2' (Xubuntu). However, I did get it to boot into Lubuntu (/dev/sda5), apparently by luck. After examining the main /boot/grub/grub.cfg file on the Lubuntu site, I could see there were mixed references to 'msdos2' and 'msdos5', and '/dev/sda2 & /dev/sda5', but more like at random. After making some cosmetic changes in hopes of being able to distinguish them in the boot menu, and running update-grub, I saw none of my changes on the next reset, and this time when I selected a partition, I got into Xubuntu, and have not been able to find a way back to Lubuntu.
 
Bottom-line: it does not surprise me that getting it to work with Windows 10 was a bridge too far. But I find it a bit disappointing that they can't make it work for peers in the Linux ecosystem. (And please, no explanations about running one instance with two desktop packages installed. That's not my goal in this case. I wanted to have a moderate-resource desktop OS, and a minimal resource desktop OS, that I could easily select between remotely, since the server would be at an ISP where I can't easily get at it. Between systemd, and grub2, and the torturous (and needlessly overcomplicated and heavy-handed methods they use), building systems under Linux is getting less enjoyable every day. (IMHO)

Forgot to add that if you want your wifi to be the same too, to not have to switch. Set the SSID the same as existing, with same password... but on another channel, so if existing wifi is channel 3, pick 8 or above, they should have a good distance between channels to stop conflicting each other.

On the second router, turn off DHCP... that should settle that problem. Also while you're there, set the router's IP address to soemthing like 192.168.1.2 (if 1st router is 192.168.1.1 - if not set accordingly).
Then on the first router, to stop it giving out the other routers IP address, set the DHCP range to something like 192.168.1.3 to 192.168.1.254, this then excludes the 1st router giving out a conflicting IP address.

shouldn't matter, java is java whether you're writing it I'm Eclipse, InteliJ or notepad. 

Honestly we can argue all day about IDEs and editors and crap. Just use what works best for you. 

i think you have to update it to windows 10 again from 8.. check here
https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10

https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/software-download/windows10
Hit "Download tool now" blue button, and run it once it downloaded. You'll have the option to upgrade this PC.
 
[edit] Nija'd by Changis [/edit]
 
To add: You can clean install with the tool as well. No need to install/recover Win8 first and then upgrade to Win10. All you need is to have your account be a Microsoft linked account, if it's not already, and you are set. your system specs and product key is linked to your account on Microosft servers. So in WIndows 10 setup, when you'll be prompted for a product key, you click on "I don't have one", and setup will resume. Once in Windows 10, and do Windows Updates, by the time it finishes everything, and you restart, your system will be activated

While I do think exposure to such tools is nice, I don't think it's really required for the job that you must have experience in a particular IDE or environment. Learning the IDE used and setup environment should be expected as part of the learning process of getting acclimated to how things run at the company because every company is going to be different.
 
I mean, I don't think I've seen a job posting where knowing how to use a particular development environment was a must.

Eclipse?
that's what we use in my programming class at school, anyway
it's pretty alright

DANCE DANCE REVOLUTIONNNN

If you don't min havin the default background and none of the "Personalize" options, you can just hit "skip" or "later" when Windows prompts you to type in the serial-key. Been running Windows that way since forever - not that I use Windows a lot. 

I think you're misunderstanding the process, and they absolutely can expect people to spend that kind of time precisely because they AREN'T looking for an "average" set of candidates.  If you want to get in on a startup project like this that is already functioning with a company that has the kind of reputation and stability of LTT then you better expect to spend some personal time outside of work proving you have the chops.
 
Also, my understanding is that only the SELECTED APPLICANTS from the resume review were chosen to complete the coding challenge.  It wasn't an open invitation, you had to be selected by Luke based on your resume/application.  So it's no different than a code challenge for a major company, and given the desirability of working for LTT I'd say it's completely reasonable.
 
Heck, when I was interviewing for jobs last fall I spent several days being flown around and doing all-day interviews for prospective companies.  It happens, and candidates who are open to relocation won't bat an eye at that sort of thing.  I mean what if you needed a certification for a job and had to spend potentially weeks studying for it?  How is a coding challenge hard to make time for?

Personally I started with Lua and moved on to C, which worked out quite well for me. But if you are going to skip learning a scripting language and go straight to writing compiled code, I *highly* recommend that you avoid C++. Not because C++ is garbage or something, but rather because if you force yourself to do the scary stuff like pointer math and memory allocation, then you will get a much better understanding of the underlying concepts even if later on you decide to use C++ convenience features like vectors.
 
Once again I'm not hating on C++ or anyone who uses it, I just would highly recommend that a beginner start as close as possible to the "bare metal" and work upward, instead of starting at a very abstracted level and viewing the inner workings of everything as magic like what I see happening in many computer science courses. But hey, maybe that's just a reflection on my personality.

You are completely wrong there, the only remote similarity is the most basic syntax otherwise they are completely different.

just because a lot of the web runs on it doesn't make it good. I love php but I'm going to start learning some more python feel like a bit of a change. 

Install both to their own disk in UEFI mode (select the UEFI option when booting the install disk/USB and make sure the drives use GPT partitioning).
Then set the Linux bootloader as default one.
In the case of Ubuntu this should be the grub bootloader which can sideload the Windows bootloader.
 
On my machine I installed the refind boot manager with a minimalistic theme.
It looks wayyy nicer than the boot manager of GRUB.

untrue.
 
For one you have apt to get software e.g sudo apt install appname I would say is easier as you don't have to first open a browser, open a Search engine, type in the name, open that website and download the app. Then jump through clicking next until till its done.
 
For debs you just open up the terminal and type sudo dpkg -I package.deb
 
this might be "harder" than windows but having all software in one repository means that chance on malware type apps is extremely low.
 
applications and scripts need to be marked as excitable before being allowed to run and any application wanting higher permissions require your user password. 
 
very resistant to malware. 

Beginning programming with Java for Dummies - For beginners. An intro to programming more than an intro to Java.
Big Java, Early Objects by Cay S. Horstmann - Very good as a look-up book. Has more advanced stuff for Java 8 in it. 
 

We are currently on Java 8. Java 9 is supposed to come soon, but I wouldn't worry about the changes/added things. 

There are a lot of good suggestions here. I'd say you shouldn't be too focused on the language, but the concept of programming. You really need to consider what you want to use your programming skills for, and then pick up a language (which really is just a tool) and learn how to code in that language. 
 
For general purpose programming, I suggest starting with JavaScript or C#/Java. JavaScript is good for web and runs in virtually every browser, BUT IS DYNAMICALLY TYPED :((( (see paragraph below). it is good for web, and very widespread so that kind of overcomes the issue of being dynamically typed for a beginner. C#/Java is good for applications and larger systems - which of the two comes down to whether or not you want to bow to the devils of MS or not, imo. 
 
Although Python is a good language with runtime compilation and easy syntax, I don't think it should be anyone's first language. That is simply because it is dynamically typed. You don't have to declare what datatype or object your variables are. That can and will make it really confusing when you want to look at other people's code etc. Because of this, object-oriented programming in Python is almost impossible because you cannot know what type a certain object is by just looking at it. Learning to deal with types, casting etc. is an essential part of programming - and so is object-oriented if you want to deal with general-purpose or system design. Don't go with a dynamically typed language like Python. 
I saw this at first semester in Uni. as a CS undergrad: My peers who had no experience with programming was first introduced to Python. When we moved over to object-oriented programming in Java, most of them had issues with picking up Java and OOP because they didn't understand the importance of types and, in my opinion, proper syntax. There is no duck-typing, and so they had to overcome a huge syntax barrier to grasp the new concepts of programming. Moving back to Python for purely algorithmical tasks the third semester, they had a way better understanding of how things worked, because they had dealt with a statically typed language like Java. 

Dont be pissed off when they replaced the assignment with an other one. Only better to make that one too.
Repeating sometimes helps to learn

remember that you want relative links so if the css is in a folder called style then link to style/style.css and not c:/users/user/documents/style/style.css

There was a glitch in the matrix