TheGrandMaster

Those are for the CPU cooler. The gold colored ones are the ones missing for the motherboard to case. that looked like they were missing.

It will fit the new sockets, you just might need new mounting equipment for AMD.

Well, having got everything going again, I'm glad I didn't make a backup of the other three drives then and there. I've got several terabytes of data across the three drives, and since I don't have multiple terabytes of storage on my laptop or currently available in the cloud, I'd have to use spare hard drives. That would take 2-3 days if I were to transfer data 24 hours straight, not accounting for switching drives. It would take longer in practice. Also, while the SATA connector is standard, my adapter is in the form of an external drive enclosure, so the rest of it physically cannot fit a 3.5" drive. I could've hacked off the rest of the enclosure, but I was very happy to be able to keep it as is. All that to say, while I would have backed the data up then if there was a good chance it would be lost, it was a relief to hear that wasn't likely.

Of course, I know data backups are very very handy, but it was nice to get it up and running so I can now do cloud backups from this machine when I get the chance. Plus, my one experience doesn't make a study. It's an anecdote. So, if anyone in the future reads this, I can't say whether you'll have the same luck and circumstance as myself.

Thanks again for the help and advice everyone!

Hi the answer is that your new PSU is defective or you may have accidentally ordered a lower wattage PSU which isnt capable of handling your build. Most likely you have a defective PSU so you should return it and get a new one. 

Running a CPU without a heatsink and fan plugged in is a very bad idea to begin with. Especially because you need some mounting pressure on that socket, even with pins. What PSU did you have and what do you have now?
 

There are a couple of reasons, why people would do this. And in case the device is in reach of multiple persons and you're going away during boot for whatever reason (getting a coffee for example), these people could access your device. This might especially the case for work devices that are turned off overnight (to save power) and turned back on the next morning at your workplace.

used graphics cards are the cheap ones, not new graphics cards. the sad reality of the 10 series of gpus is that the prices on the used market bottom out at around $80, so expect to pay that much or more for a GTX 1050.
 
Search your local market for a GTX 950 perhaps. 

An older GTX 960 or GTX 950 would work just as well. But you would have to find them on the used market. Unfortunately the 3GB model of the 1060 is not worth much anymore these days, maybe 80 to 120 USD.

Just connect the drive that is in a loop to your other pc and take out your files and then reinstall windows to be completely safe or you can just plug in a bootable drive and try and fix it from there. For 2. yes you can fresh install from your other pc. For 3. Yes back it up and the sata connector is universal it doesnt matter what size of the drive is, it doesnt have to fit in the bay for it to work it can just hang there since you're just backing up. 

Just connect the drive that is in a loop to your other pc and take out your files and then reinstall windows to be completely safe or you can just plug in a bootable drive and try and fix it from there. For 2. yes you can fresh install from your other pc. For 3. Yes back it up and the sata connector is universal it doesnt matter what size of the drive is, it doesnt have to fit in the bay for it to work it can just hang there since you're just backing up. 

Some RAM kits do not takes well to mixing and matching. That's why we recommend kits, not single dimms

which country are you living in?
This is almost the cheapest pc, I was able to build with new parts

I'm sure it happens from time to time but its good that you'd figured it out haha