I had a problem with SMB myself. My solution was to install and enable SMBv1 as it is not installed by default anymore. More info here.
Hope it helps.
GL
I was talking VS17, yes it contains everything but even too much for a person trying to get into programming. Basically 70% of stuff on visual studio will be confusing people to some point, won't be used and will be in the way
I suppose you aren't using steam or similar platform... And the installer you are using runs out of usable memory... Try increasing your swap space / virtual memory size ig...
Visual Studio is good, but it is an overkill for a beginner.
Plus: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/productinfo/vs2017-system-requirements-vs
Try :
Updating,
Clearing cache and cookies,
Resetting settings to defaults,
menu>settings>advanced>content settings>images> check if "show all" is selected.
It is possible that package manager used by your system just doesn't have newer version, uninstall the old one and install the new one that you downloaded.
Visual Studio is a great solution. If you want something lighter you can use Code::Blocks IDE which installs MinGW automatically, if you are using the version of installer with MinGW...
Download link for version with MinGW setup from sourceforge.net