DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODEM
Modems are devices that translate between analogue and digital signals. Most non-full fibre internet connections will use an existing phone network, which uses analogue signals, typically over copper wire. Modems are responsible for translating to and from the analogue signals on the phone network and the digital interfaces used on local ethernet networks (and fibre networks).
There are different types of input for modems, such as ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line), VDSL (Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line), Coax and so on, but the functions performed by the modem stays pretty much the same.
Modems are required for networks that do not have a direct digital connection to an ISP (if connecting to the internet). For a purely local network, a modem is normally not required. For direct digital ISP connections such as FTTP (fibre to the premise), a modem is typically not required and the line can go straight to a router.
A lot of people are unfamiliar with modems, or get them mixed up with routers, due to a lot of modern ISP provided routers being modem/router combo units.
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