Desktop GPU VRAM vs Laptop GPU
Why does the 970M specifically have 6GB Vram, while the 970 have 4GB?
1. Chip diagram, the 970M has 1280 CUDA cores, 80 Texture Mapping Units, and 48 Render output units. Written as 1280:80:48, the 970 has 1664:104:56. The 970M also has 3*64 bit memory controllers, while the 970 has 4*64 bit memory controllers.
A GM204 chip, used in a 970m should look roughly like this.
6 SMMs are turned off + 1 Memory controller. Why? Because of manufacturing impurities. It's unlikely that all the cores turned off were right next to each other, more likely they turned off the lowest quality ones.

2. The 970M uses 6*1GB GDDR5 Chips or 6*512MB, while the 970 uses 8*512MB chips. A memory controller, at least not the ones on the GM204 chip, cannot be connected to more than two GDDR5 chips at once. So the 970m has a cap of either 3GB or 6GB depending on which Vram you use, though you could go lower if you simply used fewer chips. The reason started to use 1GB GDDR5 memory instead of 512MB is because of marketing. Dell, Asus, MSI and Lenovo to name a few, wants to market their laptops as having a 6GB memory GPU. Marketing calculated that paying more for the higher capacity memory, will pay for itself when they can charge more for the laptop, or sell more laptops.
Why don't they use 1GB chips in the 970? 1GB chips were not available when the 970 was released, they cost more and there would be no performance increase. Nvidia don't think increasing the memory amount will increase sales, or allow them to sell an equal amount of cards at a higher profit per card.
Why does the 390 have 8GB of Vram? Because the 390 has 8*64 bit memory controllers and it has 16*512MB GDDR5 Chips. The reason it has more is for higher bandwidth, 256MB GDDR5 chips are practically discontinued which is the ones the 290 launched with, so a 512 bit 4GB card is practically impossible in volume.

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