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its called better architecture/instructionsets ect

 

where a 65nm chip might have 100,000 transistors

 

an 10nm chip might have 400,000,000 in the same area * just an extreme example *   and that determines power

 

also different architectures will result into different clockspeeds , lower np manufacturing means lower power used and voltages, but also higher heat which can affect overclocking

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It's because IPC.

"We're all in this together, might as well be friends" Tom, Toonami.

 

mini eLiXiVy: my open source 65% mechanical PCB, a build log, PCB anatomy and discussing open source licenses: https://linustechtips.com/topic/1366493-elixivy-a-65-mechanical-keyboard-build-log-pcb-anatomy-and-how-i-open-sourced-this-project/

 

mini_cardboard: a 4% keyboard build log and how keyboards workhttps://linustechtips.com/topic/1328547-mini_cardboard-a-4-keyboard-build-log-and-how-keyboards-work/

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2 minutes ago, Shadow_Storm56 said:

Why can 2 chips have the same speed and cores but one complete tasks faster. like a 6 core 3930k can clock near 5ghz but a 69850k at 4.4ghz gets stuff done faster and higher bench marks. what else determines power?

It's the instructions per second. Modern cpu does faster

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructions_per_second

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5 minutes ago, Shadow_Storm56 said:

Why can 2 chips have the same speed and cores but one complete tasks faster. like a 6 core 3930k can clock near 5ghz but a 69850k at 4.4ghz gets stuff done faster and higher bench marks. what else determines power?

Later architectures can process instructions faster/better/smarter than earlier ones. Or there are other architecture differences.

 

As an example, let's take an Intel Pentium 4 vs an AMD Athlon. The Pentium 4 (the first generation one) had a 21-stage pipeline. The AMD Athlon had a 10-stage pipeline. If there is a branch in the program (an if-statement, loop, or something else), and the branch is taken, then everything in the pipeline has to be dumped because it's no longer being executed. It takes longer for a Pentium 4 to recover from this than the Athlon because of the number of pipeline stages. And this is why a 1.6GHz Athlon can keep up if not exceed the performance of a 2.0GHz Pentium 4.

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