Ionic and Covalent bonding

[poker1059]

Describe how the arrengment of atoms in ionic compounds is different from the arrangement of ions in a covalent compound 

[harrynowl]

Sounds like homework to me

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_gateway_pre_2011/periodictable/covalentbondingrev1.shtml

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_gateway_pre_2011/periodictable/ionicbondingrev1.shtml

[pagani123]

just do some research 

http://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-bonding/Bonds-between-atoms

[TacticalCuda]

I did this in chemistry today as a matter of fact

 

This pic is basicly what it is 

[JFischer00]

I did this in chemistry today as a matter of fact

 

This pic is basicly what it is 

I was just learning this in chemistry this week too.

[Ryoutarou97]

Describe how the arrengment of atoms in ionic compounds is different from the arrangement of ions in a covalent compound 

No.

 

(also, literally just google the topic title.)

[TacticalCuda]

I was just learning this in chemistry this week too.

Nice what part? Metallic, ionic or covalent

[AstroBenny]

There are two main types of bonding:

Ionic and Covalent

 

Ionic bonding

 

Ionic bonding occurs between metals and non-metals and is when an atom loses or gains electron(s) from another atom so that they can have full outer shells of electrons.

If you're asking this question, you probably don't need to know why atoms want full outer shells of electrons, just that they do!

So how many electrons are needed to fill a shell, you ask?

You can work out how many electrons there in an atom that hasn't bonded by referring to the Periodic table. The group number/column tells you how many electrons atoms have in their outer shell.

The first shell can have a maximum of 2 electrons, the second shell 8 electrons, the third shell 8 electrons and the fourth shell can hold 18 electrons.

You probably won't need to know beyond that in terms of electron shells.

How do you tell how many electron shells an atom has, you ask?

By looking at the period number/row number on the periodic table. (EG: Period 1 elements will have 1 shell assuming they haven't yet bonded with something else.

 

 

For example: 

A group 1 element such as Lithium has one electron in it's outer shell while a group 7 element such as Chlorine has 7 electrons in it's outer shell.

So what happens?

The Lithium atom gives up it's one electron and gives it to the Chlorine atom.

The elements have now bonded through ionic bonding.

The new compound is called Lithium Chloride (LiCl)

In the process of bonding, the Lithium atom has lost an electron which means it has lost all electrons in that outer shell so the shell is removed and now only has 1 full shell because the first shell only needs two electrons to fill it.

At the same time, the chlorine atom has gained an electron so it now has 8 electrons in its outer shell, making it happy.

The name for the attraction between atoms which have bonded through Ionic bonding is called electrostatic attraction.

 

Covalent bonding

 

The principles are similar for Covalent bonding except that in covalent bonds, atoms share electrons with each other to have full outer shells.

Secondly, covalent bonding occurs between non-metals.

 

For example: 

 

Chlorine atoms have 7 electrons in their outer shell so need one more electron to have a full outer shell.

This means that two chlorine atoms could join together and share 1 electron by each chlorine atom giving an electron to the other chlorine atom so that they have full outer shells.

This is called a single covalent bond because each atom has given one electron to the other one.

This molecule is now called Cl₂

 

Hope that helps