Using V-Sync on a Free-Sync Monitor
GSync/FreeSync and VSync are different technologies that perform different tasks with different requirements. They can't really be grouped together.
VSync will work with any monitor as it's all managed from the source (ie. the computer). The monitor just displays what it's given and doesn't "know" what the PC is doing to manage the frame rate.
GSync is an Nvidia proprietary technology that requires a monitor with a dedicated GSync module and a compatible Nvidia graphics card in order to work.
Freesync is AMD's take on AdaptiveSync, which is part of the DisplayPort spec managed by VESA. It is an AMD technology (though the base of it is still built on VESA's technology), but it is not entirely proprietary and does not require dedicated hardware on the monitor side of things. While the technology isn't closed off like GSync is, you realistically still need to have a compatible AMD GPU as they're really the only ones that support it right now. The monitor needs to be FreeSync enabled, but as FreeSync is built upon tech that is already in the DP spec, it doesn't require any dedicated modules like GSync.
You cannot use GSync on a FreeSync monitor and you cannot use FreeSync on a GSync monitor. FreeSync = AMD and GSync = Nvidia.
As for VSync, it can be used on either. It's important to understand that VSync doesn't replace GSync or FreeSync, or vice-versa. It is a technology that can be used alongside either, or turned off or used on its own. GSync and FreeSync only work while your FPS is below your monitor's refresh rate. Above it, they do nothing. VSync can work below and above, but if you're using it alongside GSync or FreeSync, it will typically only work above the monitor's refresh rate and turn off to allow GSync/FreeSync to take over below it.
FreeSync monitors generally don't have a price premium as they don't have any additional hardware that would make them more expensive than regular monitors. So if you have an Nvidia GPU, buying a FreeSync monitor typically isn't a waste of money, as it doesn't cost any more than a non-FreeSync monitor and will function as a standard monitor just fine. Things change when buying a GSync monitor though. As GSync monitors have additional hardware that adds cost to the monitor (typically around $200 or so), buying a GSync monitor without a compatible graphics card is often a waste of money as monitors with similar specs are likely to be available for cheaper and will function exactly the same (and possibly better, depending on whether your GPU is FreeSync compatible and whether the GSync monitor has any ports other than DP).
In terms of Nvidia GPUs with FreeSync monitors and AMD GPUs with GSync monitors, there is no difference in performance. They will just function like a standard monitor, as if it wasn't GSync/FreeSync enabled at all.
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