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There is no standard, they're all just marketing names.  All that matters is they're all slightly different (different coolers (fan and heatsink), different power delivery, different VRAM or core clock options, etc.).

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They're marketing terms. You can't compare a Corolla to an Astra either. 

 

It all comes down to what's called chip binning. You see, not all GPU chips are made absolutely identical. Some individuals overclock higher, some run on lower voltage, some run faster if the voltage is higher, some if the cooling is better, some barely work at all and some need to be cut down to work and so on.

 

So the manufacturers have two options:

1) Either set the speeds and functions for all the cards at a level that all chips can be guaranteed to work and market them as such (that'd make all, say, Asus GTX1080 cards be, say, 1000MHz and nothing else. No other models, nothing) This is how things were less than ten years ago. or

2) Take the chips that can go faster and sell them in cards called OC, take the chips that can go even faster still and sell those as Super-OC and so on and so forth. The more granularity there is in their binning process, the more models there'd be. There's better money in OC chips so this is what they do these days and.

 

The same goes for VRAM chips. Binning is doe for CPUs and other components too.

 

So with a basic card you can still luck out and be able to overclock it. With an OC card you're guaranteed to be able to do so (up to a value they market it at, denoted by a term "boost speed"). It's really of a matter of whether or not you'd be willing to pay extra for it. You can also get an OC card and run it at stock speeds. That's the best way to ensure long life for the card.

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