problem after problem (drive not showing up)

[Eatz]

I honestly dont even know where to start so ill just list the current drives i have in my pc
WD caviar blue 1tb D drive
intel optane 16gb drive
mysterious intel SSD (possibly a 530 series since the case matches) 256gb which is my C drive

these drives ive had since 2017 and have tons of valuable data on them that i cant really replace and for reasons i wont go into cant simply be removed to an external drive and put back on to a new copy of windows.
everything was fine with these for about a year then i upgraded everything in my pc, didnt bring the optane drive with and suddenly my D drive dissapeared from everything but disk manager though eventually i figured out i couldnt get rid of that optane drive unless i wanted to clear out my D drive which again i cant do so now the optane drive follows me

windows updates break this setup once or twice a year but im usually able to figure it out over time
I upgraded my system again early this year and suddenly my drive would say sopmething along the lines of  "D drive is not accessable" which i could fix by unplugging only the power to the drive while my pc was still on and plugging it back in which worked but i had to do it everytime i restart my pc.

then my gtx 1080 died and i put in a rx 580 4gb i had laying around in my closet till i can buy a new one for not 600 dollars or find a 3070/3080/maaaaaybe 3090 in stock.

now the current issue:
windows update 20h2 broke EVERYTHING. ive been slowly fixing issues that i wont go into on my own that dont affect storage at all until i realised after about a day that my D drive doesnt show up anywhere at all anymore and no matter what i do i cant figure out why.
to me it sound like my drives are finally giving out so im fine with replacing the drive but im unsure if it would even be possible for me to copy the data i have over and have everything still work.
if i do go the route of buying new storage im probably going asll out and getting an 8tb hdd and a 1tb sabrent rocket 4 unless someone has other suggestions that would be cheaper and/or more effective.
any suggestions help and heres the rest of my specs

cpu: 8700k
ram: 16gb 3200mhz hyperx (2x8gb)Z
motherboard: aorus pro wifi itx motherboard
gpu: xfx rx 580 gts xxx  (originally a gigabyte windforce gtx 1080 and then a watercooled gtx 1080 founders edition for a few weeks until somone offered to buy it for 600)
case: nzxt h210