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It depends completely on the interface. You could have the fastest SSD in the world and if you plug it into a USB1 or USB2 interface you're going to bottleneck it like crazy and only get, best case, the max speed of the USB interface.

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USB 3.1 Gen 1 caps out at 625 MB/s. Gen 2 caps at 1250 MB/s.

 

Spinning hard drives cap out at around 100 MB/s. So an external hard drive will be just as fast as an internal.

 

SSDs are a different story though. There are many different technologies for SSD with a variety of speeds. Typical SATA SSDs top out at around 500 MB/s. There are faster internal PCIe SSDs which can exceed 2000 MB/s. The fastest external SSDs only reach 400-500 MB/s.

 

A fast external SSD will be fine for games, though may not be at fast as the internal drive depending on what your laptop has. Check reviews for the external drives and see what speeds people are actually getting. 

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