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There's several ways to measure clock speed, clock speed is constantly changing, there's only one number being reported and there's multiple cores that can be independently clocked, and Task Manager is polling at a rate of 1Hz, which raises questions about how accurate this really is.

 

I don't think Task Manager is broken per se. The system just isn't feeding it reliable data or it's sourcing from something that's reliable enough under default conditions.

 

I mean, for example, my CPU is set to a flat 100MHz x 40. No utility reports it as operating at 4.0GHz 100% of the time.

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Try Enabling High Performance Event Timer (HPET). 

 

 
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How to turn on HPET?
Try changing HPET settings to improve your PC's performance
  1. Tap on the Windows-key, enter cmd, right-click cmd.exe in the results listing and select to run the command prompt with administrative privileges.
  2. To enable HPET as the only timer run the command bcdedit /set useplatformclock true.
  3. To disable HPET in Windows run the command bcdedit /deletevalue useplatformclock.
  4. Restart PC

 

 
 
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On an aside, HWiNFO recently went to an "averaging" method described at https://www.hwinfo.com/forum/threads/effective-clock-vs-instant-discrete-clock.5958/

 

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It has become a common practice for several years to report instant (discrete) clock values for CPUs. This method is based on knowledge of the actual bus clock (BCLK) and sampling of core ratios at specific time points. The resulting clock is then a simple result of ratio * BCLK. Such approach worked quite well in the past, but is not longer sufficient. Over the years CPUs have become very dynamic components that can change their operating parameters hundreds of times per second depending on several factors including workload amount, temperature limits, thermal/VR current and power limits, turbo ratios, dynamic TDPs, etc. While this method still represents actual clock values and ratios reported match defined P-States, it has become insufficient to provide a good overview of CPU dynamics especially when parameters are fluctuating with a much higher frequency than any software is able to capture. Another disadvantage is that cores in modern CPUs that have no workload are being suspended (lower C-States). In such case when software attempts to poll their status, it will wake them up briefly and thus the clock obtained doesn't respect the sleeping state.

Hence a new approach needs to be used called the Effective clock. This method relies on hardware's capability to sample the actual clock state (all its levels) across a certain interval, including sleeping (halted) states. The software then queries the counter over a specific polling period, which provides the average value of all clock states that occurred in the given interval.

 

They also mentioned that AMD has their own proprietary way of measuring clock speed in Ryzen Master. I'm certain that Intel has their own proprietary way. All tools like Task Manager, HWiNFO, and others can do is poll certain things that the CPU exposes, average it out over time or report the value at that point in time, and hope for the best.

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