Atom, Celeron, Pentium?
Pentium CPU's are those which are the top of the line of Intel's "value" CPU's. Haswell has not yet been expanded to the production of the pentium range, nor the other two for that matter. They are great for media servers, HD video playback and streaming and also offer a barebones gaming experience when paired with a GPU. All current pentium CPU's are dual core processors with two threads with stock clocks reaching up to 3.2Ghz on the best pentium. A pentium is a great choice for a HTPC or media server.
Celeron CPU's are at the lower end of the "value" range and are the most common CPU you will find in office computers, they offer solid performance when it comes to things like multi-tasking, word processing, internet browsing and other low usage applications such as that. This processor is great for a file server although I would still get a better CPU. All current CPU's in this range have two cores and two threads except one, which has one core and two threads.The clock speed gets all the way up to 2.7Ghz for the stock clock. I would not recommend gaming applications on this processor, only light tasks that don't tax a CPU
The atom range from Intel doesn't actually fall under the "value" range, instead it has it's own range and is the lowest grade of CPU that Intel produces. It is used in mobile devices as it excels in power usage, although with Haswell this power usage selling point is practically obsolete. As a general rule, the performance of an Atom core is half that of a Pentium core. The most common Atom CPU has a clock speed of 1.6GHz. This CPU is good for applications that require very little CPU effort. Sometimes even playing back a video will lag. The people that benefit most from this processor are manufacturers
I hope this answered your question sufficiently

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