Looking for a smallish Camera.
Yeah there is just a whole lot to consider. Seems like there is a lot of I guess bs in the marketing, and I've just been comparing back and forth. Pentax QS1 seems like a better value. A chat would be great.
Ok regarding camera sensors, two things you need to understand. Generally the rule is "larger sensors have better image quality".
This is your stated requirement: "I just want something that is solid, lasts a long time, and takes great photos. I'll be mostly using it for vacations; saving memories and such. See a lizard on the ground? Snap!"
While I just said that larger sensors tend to be better, there are slight drawbacks that may not be suitable for your requirements. In digital photography the full frame 35mm sensor has become the industry standard to measure all other sensors against, at least for anything smaller. I won't get into medium format and large format sensors here.
So for you buying a camera like the A5000 or any other camera with a sensor larger than, for example the Canon S120 or G16 I mentioned, while you will certainly get better image quality you will be sacrificing convenience. Because of the crop factor and narrower field of view of smaller sensors, when using a lens of the same focal length as larger sensor cameras, there is a perception that you are able to zoom in (reach) to a further distance. Hence with a camera like the Canon G16 the built in lens gives you capability to zoom more than with the basic kit lens of most mirrorless and DSLR cameras (i.e. 18-55mm).
In an earlier post I linked you to a list of compact cameras within your budget, in another post I linked you to a list of mirrorless (larger sensor) cameras within your budget. Personally it doesn't matter to me what camera you buy, however I want you to be aware of what you will be investing in.
A camera like the A5000
- better image quality
- will require different lenses for different focal length zoom and reach
A camera like the Canon S120 or G16
- built in lenses, due to the crop factor, give you a longer zoom and reach
- but image quality may not be as good
There are many more things you can learn about photography, such as Depth of Field which is also partly determined by sensor size.
Try to ignore the megapixel count of cameras. For your needs, 12MP is basically enough. You can go higher if you want, but that will require larger memory cards and more storage space on your computer.
Finally, go visit a camera store. Look at the different models they carry, ask the clerks to show you the display models. Hold them in your hands, consider if you want to carry the weight and size. Your requirements in a camera are very basic, you are not going to shoot professional looking photos, you are not printing photos for clients, you are not doing a photography website.

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