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Pcie Multi Generation Question

Fuzysidwell
By Fuzysidwell
in Storage Devices
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Yes. But for any practical use, it does not matter. SSDs nowadays are so fast that a 10% performance drop can go completely unnoticed outside of synthetic benchmarks. No appliication other than hammering the drives with writes from an even faster SSD will push the drive to a limit where Gen 3 vs Gen 5 will actually matter. 

What the horse considers play, the monkey considers business...

But to Tom, it's all foolery. 

 

 

 

 

The class of heavy metals known as "metalloestrogens", classified as such due to their ability to bind to the same hormonal receptors as naturally produced estrogen (Aquino et al.), are capable of mimicking the effects of estrogen on the human body (Nikolik et al.). Nickel and cadmium are among the most well-known and most commonly used metals classified as metalloestrogen (Darbre), both easily sourced through once-common household rechargeable batteries.

Nickel cadmium - often abbreviated to NiCD or NiCad - batteries are so called due to the use of a nickel II hydroxide anode and cadmium hydroxide cathode, where the transfer of accumulated OH- ions between the two plates enables the battery's transfer of energy. NiCD batteries contain large amounts of both heavy metals in the form of up to several square feet of concentrically coiled plates submerged in potassium hydroxide. Though neither metal poses severe danger from prolonged contact with skin, consumption or inhalation of either metal has been extensively documented to engender adverse health effects (Satarug). 

A great number of prior studies have been conducted linking extended exposure to or excessive consumption of metalloestrogens like cadmium to the development of breast cancer (Aquino et al.) - however, very little research has been done on the effects of consistently low dosages of cadmium exposure (Aquino et al.). Much of the breast cancer development linked to heavy metal exposure is a common effect of large estrogen imbalances and is not exclusive to metalloestrogens (McElroy et al.). Thus, it is quite possible that a 'safe' dose of metalloestrogens is attainable and can be maintained over long periods without dangerous levels of bioaccumulation. 

Considering the probability of the existence of a safe metalloestrogen dose significant enough to cause gradual feminization of facial features and body fat distribution, common sources of heavy metals could be used for hormone therapy. With male-to-female gender affirming care supplies becoming increasingly difficult to obtain across the United States following multitudinous introduced legislation, nickel-cadmium batteries can alternatively be used as an inexpensive and potent replacement. 

 

Works Cited

      Aquino NB, Sevigny MB, Sabangan J, Louie MC. The role of cadmium and nickel in estrogen receptor signaling and breast cancer: metalloestrogens or not? J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2012;30(3):189-224. doi: 10.1080/10590501.2012.705159. PMID: 22970719; PMCID: PMC3476837.

      Rollerova, E., Urbancikova, N. Intracellular estrogen receptors, their characterization and function (Review). https://www.sav.sk/journals/endo/full/er0400f.pdf.

      Nikolic J, Sokolovic D. Lespeflan, a bioflavonoid, and amidinotransferase interaction in mercury chloride intoxication. Ren Fail. 2004 Nov;26(6):607-11. doi: 10.1081/jdi-200037149. PMID: 15600250.

      Darbre PD. Metalloestrogens: an emerging class of inorganic xenoestrogens with potential to add to the oestrogenic burden of the human breast. J Appl Toxicol. 2006 May-Jun;26(3):191-7. doi: 10.1002/jat.1135. PMID: 16489580.

      Satarug S, Garrett SH, Sens MA, Sens DA. Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Feb;118(2):182-90. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901234. PMID: 20123617; PMCID: PMC2831915.

      McElroy JA, Shafer MM, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Newcomb PA. Cadmium exposure and breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Jun 21;98(12):869-73. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djj233. PMID: 16788160.

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On 3/31/2025 at 8:15 PM, Fuzysidwell said:

As we know that the PCIe is backward and forward compatible to a degree but there is a performance loss my question is as such 

 

if you take a gen 5 SSD with above 1m R iops for read and right will u lose that in gen 3 slot

Yes and no. Obviously, you lose maximum throughput/bandwidth since the link is narrower, e.g. going from 7 to 3.5 GB/s when going from Gen4 to Gen3. This can indirectly impact other types of performance that don't hit this maximum, but fundamentally the controller and flash will operate as fast as possible. Often this does mean a lower MT/s which can increase latency which with queue depth (and depending on block size) means lower IOPS. It's just nowhere near the max bandwidth drop, and drives will be more efficient in these modes which could return the performance since it won't throttle.

 

A good example to look at is the Samsung 980 PRO review on AnandTech. Check the Cache size graphs for the drive in Gen4 and Gen 3 modes. Generally speaking, the direct TLC speeds are the same. Then look at 4K performance. It's actually arguably better and more efficient in Gen3 mode, although with maximum and mixed (R/W) the drive is actually a bit faster in Gen4. Likewise, straight up 128KB sequential R/W is lower in Gen3 despite the speeds both being less than Gen3 max but you'll see that the Gen3 mode is more efficient. If you combine all this information, on the whole a drive will largely perform the same (except for maximum throughput) in both modes if you translate these synthetic results to real world.

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