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Are BIOSes localized?

danalog
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Yesterday I bought a German laptop on eBay, but the photos showed the BIOS in English. I am aware many BIOSes have an option to chnage language; however, I would presume many terms (eg. Intel SpeedStep) would not translate well into other languages. That raised the question, how much are BIOSes localized for countries where English is not the first language? If I were to buy a laptop in, say, Spain, would the BIOS still be set to English by default?

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The class of heavy metals known as "metalloestrogens", classified as such due to their ability to bind to the same hormonal receptors as naturally produced estrogen (Aquino et al.), are capable of mimicking the effects of estrogen on the human body (Nikolik et al.). Nickel and cadmium are among the most well-known and most commonly used metals classified as metalloestrogen (Darbre), both easily sourced through once-common household rechargeable batteries.

Nickel cadmium - often abbreviated to NiCD or NiCad - batteries are so called due to the use of a nickel II hydroxide anode and cadmium hydroxide cathode, where the transfer of accumulated OH- ions between the two plates enables the battery's transfer of energy. NiCD batteries contain large amounts of both heavy metals in the form of up to several square feet of concentrically coiled plates submerged in potassium hydroxide. Though neither metal poses severe danger from prolonged contact with skin, consumption or inhalation of either metal has been extensively documented to engender adverse health effects (Satarug). 

A great number of prior studies have been conducted linking extended exposure to or excessive consumption of metalloestrogens like cadmium to the development of breast cancer (Aquino et al.) - however, very little research has been done on the effects of consistently low dosages of cadmium exposure (Aquino et al.). Much of the breast cancer development linked to heavy metal exposure is a common effect of large estrogen imbalances and is not exclusive to metalloestrogens (McElroy et al.). Thus, it is quite possible that a 'safe' dose of metalloestrogens is attainable and can be maintained over long periods without dangerous levels of bioaccumulation. 

Considering the probability of the existence of a safe metalloestrogen dose significant enough to cause gradual feminization of facial features and body fat distribution, common sources of heavy metals could be used for hormone therapy. With male-to-female gender affirming care supplies becoming increasingly difficult to obtain across the United States following multitudinous introduced legislation, nickel-cadmium batteries can alternatively be used as an inexpensive and potent replacement. 

 

Works Cited

      Aquino NB, Sevigny MB, Sabangan J, Louie MC. The role of cadmium and nickel in estrogen receptor signaling and breast cancer: metalloestrogens or not? J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev. 2012;30(3):189-224. doi: 10.1080/10590501.2012.705159. PMID: 22970719; PMCID: PMC3476837.

      Rollerova, E., Urbancikova, N. Intracellular estrogen receptors, their characterization and function (Review). https://www.sav.sk/journals/endo/full/er0400f.pdf.

      Nikolic J, Sokolovic D. Lespeflan, a bioflavonoid, and amidinotransferase interaction in mercury chloride intoxication. Ren Fail. 2004 Nov;26(6):607-11. doi: 10.1081/jdi-200037149. PMID: 15600250.

      Darbre PD. Metalloestrogens: an emerging class of inorganic xenoestrogens with potential to add to the oestrogenic burden of the human breast. J Appl Toxicol. 2006 May-Jun;26(3):191-7. doi: 10.1002/jat.1135. PMID: 16489580.

      Satarug S, Garrett SH, Sens MA, Sens DA. Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes. Environ Health Perspect. 2010 Feb;118(2):182-90. doi: 10.1289/ehp.0901234. PMID: 20123617; PMCID: PMC2831915.

      McElroy JA, Shafer MM, Trentham-Dietz A, Hampton JM, Newcomb PA. Cadmium exposure and breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Jun 21;98(12):869-73. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djj233. PMID: 16788160.

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Maybe it exists, but most will be English only. There are memory limiations and we don't need to slow down BIOS even more. You also need all characters. And if you accidentally get. Chinese BIOS, how do you ever get back to English with all Chinese characters and terms?

 

People who adjust BIOS would know the terms. And the terms are not useful to just an English speaker. Even if you speak English, you still need to know what it means. 

 

It also would be bad to support more languages. All support sites will use the English term. So a German speaker can google and use a US tutorial. If that BIOS would be in German, the majority of tutorials and forum threads would not work well and they would be limited to German tutorials. And even most of the German tutorials would use the English terms anyway 

 

I think even OS should be in English. They do people a huge disfavor translating everything. The layman has to learn anyway, may as well kearn the English term. Same effort, but more useful. Especially with Internet where English gives you much more access to websites.

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I don't think I've run across a non-English BIOS yet... and I'm not in an English-speaking country.

 

Speedstep being a brand/feature name it wouldn't be translated anyway, but yeah some things might become confusing.

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17 minutes ago, da na said:

Yesterday I bought a German laptop on eBay, but the photos showed the BIOS in English. I am aware many BIOSes have an option to chnage language; however, I would presume many terms (eg. Intel SpeedStep) would not translate well into other languages. That raised the question, how much are BIOSes localized for countries where English is not the first language? If I were to buy a laptop in, say, Spain, would the BIOS still be set to English by default?

Hey, I might be qualified to answer since I live in Germany.

 

All Motherboards I bought came stock with english as the BIOS language, even the Notebooks I bought had english BIOSes.

I just checked on my Zephyrus G14 and I did not even see an option to change the BIOS language to german (I looked in advanced mode), but it was there on my ASUS Z370 Hero X Mainboard.

 

But I can not say for sure, that all Notebooks and Mainboards are like that, since I only owned a couple of them over time!

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The only non-english BIOSes I've seen, were in pre-builts from the likes of DELL and HP. They have multi language bios.
Every other boards I've seen, were in English.

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