When most people are faced with a problem like this, they just have to unscientifically try a bunch of things, because they can't just go out and buy a bunch of extra phones just to test them, and they can't leave their daily driver on a table for a full day. But you've got those extra test phones, and it's not that hard to swap over to another phone for the sake of SCIENCE.
You tested your S9+ to the newly-purchased S9+ and saw a huge difference. Since you weren't actively using the phone at the time, that means it can't have anything to do with your usage patterns. It must be either the hardware or the software. To test this, you really need to factory reset both devices and set them up identically. If the problem persists, it's a provable hardware problem. If the problem disappears, it's a software or configuration problem. Isn't that exactly what you'd do to diagnose a PC problem? You wouldn't just keep fscking around with a borked Windows installation, you'd reimage the machine.
If you determine that it is a software issue, then you can start adding applications back in until you find the culprit. Most likely you won't find it, and when you get the new installation back to fully installed, it will work just fine.