Motherboards, the MSI ones I mentioned are about 200 to 250 USD, you don't get much cheaper than that on X99. For CPUs I don't have experience with anything more powerful than the i7 5820K and that's got more power than I forsee myself ever needing (though all I do is game and watch youtube videos pretty much lol)
1080 isn't super necessary, but I'd 100% recommend an i7 if you overclock or a 4-core hyperthreaded Xeon if you don't. Platform upgrade isn't super necessary (hey, repeated text), you can pick up a used i7/Xeon for 1155 on ebay pretty cheaply.
For CPU I recommend a Xeon (do not buy a non-hyperthreaded one that's dumb)
For cooler, I recommend the Be Quiet Shadow Rock 2 (http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=9SIA68V21E0641) I have this one and it cools like a dream
For GPU, you are correct that Quadro series GPUs are meant for workstation tasks but they are VERY expensive (I have no experience with Quadro so idk really)
For SSD I recommend Samsung's 850 EVO/850 Pro/950 Pro (sorted cheapest to most expensive there)
For Motherboard I personally use only MSI, and recommend the MSI X99S/X99A SLI Plus/Krait Edition
EDIT: Hard drives I recommend HGST > WD >> Seagate
Fractal Define S (R5 but more affordable), and the SilverStone Raven 05 (My case, cools like a dream, bad radiator support, 2 3.5" drives + 2 2.5" drives, rotated motherboard) probably not your thing lol