kokosnh

formatting and then TRIM-ing can help, but the ideal solution is to "secure erase" it, as that's the only option for erasing ALL of the data. And returning the SSD to a empty state. XPG Spectrix S40G ( Realtek RTS5762 (2-core, 8-channels) + DDR3 + 64l / 96l TLC micron ) it's OK SSD, but not really groundbreaking, especially in 512GB variant. the legend 800 have multiple hardware versions, so hard to tell.

looks good for the buffering. So it's just that the pSLC buffor wasn't working, as not enough free space available. Ps. try to retest with larger samples, and with fewer repeets, As for the solution, well the quiqest is to "secure erase" the SSD (deletes all files on whole SSD). The SSD is fast on writes, when it's empty but that will delete everything...

check how is the write buffer cache in disk management set.

It's very unlikely, as the read speeds are ok. Mobo fault should affect both read and write speeds.

check how is the write buffer cache in disk management set. But this looks about right, just that pSLC buffer run out... This looks like normal write speeds for 2TB BX500, as that's a budget DRAMless QLC SATA SSD. your P3 is also a DRAMless QLC SSD, and it also suffers the same fate, and it's actually even slower hear is faster 2TB version tests. https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/crucial-p3-ssd-review/2

I literaly have optane 905p 960GB, hooked up directly to the CPU M.2 slot as OS drive, and I get Q1T1 random 4k read of 304 MB/s You can't get really much faster than that I also have PNY CS3140 2TB (Phison E18 + 96l TLC micron), that I get Q1T1 random 4k read of 68MB/s off (the best ones, like Samsung 990 pro 2TB go up to 102MB/s)https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/pny-xlr8-cs3140-ssd-review/2 It turned off fast startup in windows, I clone my OS, and measured how long the OS takes to start up. They literally start up the same exactly to the second, I tested it multiple times, measured since POST and everything, it literally takes the same time. Yes, the Q1T1 random 4k read, and latency is the final bottleneck, for the OS, but we have literally so fast SSD, that they wait for other things to load, and the difference between them, are very little. This is what I meant by saying the modern good NVME SSD are fast enough.

Good SSD NVMe are fast enough There are test, look it up. Doing optane cache for NVMe SSD is not good for performance, and uneven, as the driver is to small. And I say that as somebody with optane 905p 960GB OS drive.

Well yes, but NAND already failed so what's the point of it? It's like using HDD with bad sectors, you can, but you shouldn't as the data stored on them is unreliable

Don't do it...

No

So you want to try to delete it? From not working SSD? Can you run crystaldiskinfo and see if it's disable there?

Acer Predator GM7000 512 GB ( InnoGrit IG5236 (4-core R5, 8-channels 1200MTps, 4CE/channel, 12nm TSMC) + DDR4 + 96l/176l TLC micron ) 50$ https://pcpartpicker.com/product/LM2WGX/acer-predator-gm7000-512-gb-m2-2280-nvme-solid-state-drive-bl9bwwr104 Mushkin Vortex Redline 512 GB ( InnoGrit IG5236 (4-core R5, 8-channels 1200MTps, 4CE/channel, 12nm TSMC) + DDR4 + 176l TLC micron ) 55$ https://pcpartpicker.com/product/JFhFf7/mushkin-vortex-redline-512-gb-m2-2280-nvme-solid-state-drive-mknssdvt512gb-d8 Corsair MP600 PRO NH 500 GB ( Phison E18 (3+2-core R5, 8-channels 1600MTps, 4CE/channel, 12nm TSMC) + DDR4 + 176l TLC micron / 112l TLC kioxia ) 65$ https://pcpartpicker.com/product/6Y4Ycf/corsair-mp600-pro-nh-500-gb-m2-2280-pcie-40-x4-nvme-solid-state-drive-cssd-f0500gbmp600pnh MSI SPATIUM M480 PRO 1 TB ( Phison E18 (3+2-core R5, 8-channels 1600MTps, 4CE/channel, 12nm TSMC) + DDR4 + 176l TLC micron ) 66$ https://pcpartpicker.com/product/xVDQzy/msi-spatium-m480-pro-1-tb-m2-2280-pcie-40-x4-nvme-solid-state-drive-s78-440l1g0-p83 The good fast DRAM 480-512GB PCIE 4.0 M.2 SSD are so badly priced... just buy that MSI M480 PRO 1TB for 66$ it's very good price for the spec, and will be faster than any 500GB in that price range.

they take whole CE of a channel for pseudSLC mode, and well that's logical, as you have to write it all in that mode as for the DRAM. SSD uses it to cache a FTL (table with all of the DATA in NAND), and it cache all of it, in it. HBM usualy only takes 32 to 64MB of host RAM, and cache, only small fragment of the FTL tabble, so it can map only around 32-64 GB of NAND (it helps with benchmarks, but reading older data is hit with latency penalty, as SSD have to read the FTL from NAND, instead of faster cached one in DRAM, or HMB). DRAM also helps with sustained writes, as FTL is constantly rewriting and needs to be flashed to NAND all the time, on the DRAMLESS SSD. So DRAM is mostly, for low latency, and consistent write performance (assuming fast NAND and controller), is it worth paying more, depends on the price difference. You usually don't see the difference, but then again, usually you don't see the difference between SATA ssd, and M.2 NVMe SSD.

check the RAM for instability, or CPU, as the data is always cached in RAM, maybe it gets corrupted there. SMART of the HDD is OK (the BC attribute is not zero, but if it's not raising, then it's OK)

That's a slow PCIe 3.0 Dramless SSD Mushkin Helix-L : Silicon Motion SM2263XT (2-core R5, 4-channels 800MTps, 28nm TSMC, DRAMless) + 64l TLC micron NAND (NW918 FG) like why? why PCIe 4.0 in 500GB SSD? what's the reason? If dramless is ok, go for SN580, and that's the lowest I would go. If you want faster, go for something on Phison E18 It would be easier you name the country (we assume USA), and budget...