It certainly can cause instability but many times the two sticks will simply run at the lpwest ones ratings in both speed and latency. Im in between upgrades on a server/gamer system atm and while I am waiting to get 2 budget 3000mhz ddr4 sticks i attemped putting ome g. Skill aegis 8gb 3000mhz with cl16 1.35volt in with a Corsair vengeance 2400 cl 16 1.2 volt. They not only worked but still managed dual channel. I middle grounded and am running stable with both at 1.22volts and 2800mhz timing 16-18-18-39 or something to that aprox. Ive also mismatched ddr3 many times without issue in both desktops and laptops. Never had an issue so far. The onlyone ive yet to test is a thing called something like assymetrical dual channel. Its basically matching a 8gb stick with a 4gb and the first 4gb on each can sometimes dual channel as well leaving 4gb for extra if needed in single channel. Hope this helps and I will end by still adding discretion as it doesn't have any guarentee to work let alone dual channel it still comes down to chipsets, SoCs, Motherboard support, etc. Always try to find a matching stick and if you absolutely can't try to at least get the timing and frequency the same or as close as possible to ensure better odds of compatibility.