I think I managed to resolve the issue last night. Leaving for others:
In my case, the issue was with one of those drivers:
lsaibus.sys
lsaimini.sys
They are related to Logitech Pro Flight Yoke.
How I found out the issue?
Using tool driver verifier from this post:
https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/all/driver-verifier-tracking-down-a-mis-behaving/f5cb4faf-556b-4b6d-95b3-c48669e4c983
Before using it, make sure to create a bootable USB of Win 10/11 installer! Without it, your PC may go into endless BSOD loop when starting.
Also, create a restore point.
How I fixed the issue?
I could not remove it manually from PC. Had to remove it from comman line from Windows Restore:
https://www.thewindowsclub.com/how-to-uninstall-driver-using-command-prompt