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GitHub defies RIAA takedown notice, restoring YouTube-dl and starting $1M developer defense fund

TimeOmnivore
By TimeOmnivore
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Summary

Github has reinstated the YouTube-dl repository after the EFF sent them a letter explaining that YouTube-dl did not circumvent technological protection measures as the RIAA had claimed in their DMCA notice. They also started and donated $1 million to a new developer defense fund "to help protect open source developers on GitHub from unwarranted DMCA Section 1201 takedown claims". Github is also changing its review process for these types of claims to make it easier for developers to have their repositories reinstated and to ensure that each claim is carefully scrutinized by legal experts to prevent abuse of the DMCA.

 

Quotes

From Github's blogpost:

Quote

As we explained, the key claim in the youtube-dl takedown is circumvention. Although we did initially take the project down, we understand that just because code can be used to access copyrighted works doesn’t mean it can’t also be used to access works in non-infringing ways. We also understood that this project’s code has many legitimate purposes, including changing playback speeds for accessibility, preserving evidence in the fight for human rights, aiding journalists in fact-checking, and downloading Creative Commons-licensed or public domain videos.

 

...we concluded that the allegations did not establish a violation of the law.

...we reinstated the youtube-dl project and will be providing options for reinstatement to all of its forks.

 

From the EFF's letter:

Quote

First, youtube-dl does not infringe or encourage the infringement of any copyrighted works, and its references to copyrighted songs in its unit tests are a fair use. Nevertheless, youtube-dl’s maintainers are replacing these references. Second, youtube-dl does not violate Section 1201 of the DMCA because it does not “circumvent” any technical protection measures on YouTube videos. Similarly, the “signature” or “rolling cipher” mechanism employed by YouTube does not prevent copying of videos.

 

youtube-dl stands in place of a Web browser and performs a similar function with respect to user-uploaded videos. Importantly, youtube-dl does not decrypt video streams that are encrypted with commercial DRM technologies.

 

The RIAA’s letter refers to a single file of youtube-dl’s source code which references several copyrighted songs. This file contains series of automated tests that verify the functionality of youtube-dl for streaming various types of video. First, this file is not “prominent,” as RIAA contends. Second, the unit tests do not cause a permanent download or distribution of the songs they reference; they merely stream a few seconds of each song to verify the operation of youtube-dl.The youtube-dl maintainers do not encourage the use of the tool to infringe copyright, nor do they market the tool for that purpose.

 

youtube-dl works the same way as a browser when it encounters the signature mechanism: it reads and interprets the JavaScript program sent by YouTube, derives the “signature” value, and sends that value back to YouTube to initiate the video stream. youtube-dl contains no password, key, or other secret knowledge that is required to access YouTube videos. It simply uses the same mechanism that YouTube presents to each and every user who views a video. We presume that this “signature” code is what RIAA refers to as a “rolling cipher,” although YouTube’s JavaScript code does not contain this phrase. Regardless of what this mechanism is called, youtube-dl does not “circumvent” it as that term is defined in Section 1201(a) of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, because YouTube provides the means of accessing these video streams to anyone who requests them.

My thoughts

Glad to see the EFF joining this fight and Github standing up for its developers and putting its money where its mouth is. They seem to be taking this situation seriously and are going quite a bit beyond what would normally be expected. Hopefully the music industry will calm down with the recent onslaught of DMCA takedowns across the internet, but that is exceedingly unlikely until the DMCA gets a drastic overhaul, which is also unlikely given all of the money entertainment industries bribe lobby politicians with.

 

Sources

Techcrunch: https://techcrunch.com/2020/11/16/github-defies-riaa-takedown-notice-restoring-youtube-dl-and-starting-1m-defense-fund/

Github's blog: https://github.blog/2020-11-16-standing-up-for-developers-youtube-dl-is-back/

EFF's letter: https://github.com/github/dmca/blob/master/2020/11/2020-11-16-RIAA-reversal-effletter.pdf

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Posted

You mean Microsoft did because they own github 

▓ƆԀ▓ S▓₱▓Ɇ▓c▓s▓: i7 6ʇɥפᴉƎ00K (4.4ghz), Asus DeLuxe X99A II, GT҉X҉1҉0҉8҉0 Zotac Amp ExTrꍟꎭe),Si6F4Gb D???????r PlatinUm, EVGA G2 Sǝʌǝᘉ5ᙣᙍᖇᓎᙎᗅᖶt, Phanteks Enthoo Primo, 3TB WD Black, 500gb 850 Evo, H100iGeeTeeX, Windows 10, K70 R̸̢̡̭͍͕̱̭̟̩̀̀̃́̃͒̈́̈́͑̑́̆͘͜ͅG̶̦̬͊́B̸͈̝̖͗̈́, G502, HyperX Cloud 2s, Asus MX34. פN∩SW∀S 960 EVO

Just keeping this here as a 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̌̅̒̾̈́̆͌̌̾̎̽̐̅̏́̈̔͛̀̋̃͊̒̓͗͒̑͒̃͂̌̄̇̑̇͛̆̾͛̒̇̍̒̓̀̈́̄̐͂̍͊͗̎̔͌͛̂̏̉̊̎͗͊͒̂̈̽̊́̔̊̃͑̈́̑̌̋̓̅̔́́͒̄̈́̈̂͐̈̅̈̓͌̓͊́̆͌̉͐̊̉͛̓̏̓̅̈́͂̉̒̇̉̆̀̍̄̇͆͛̏̉̑̃̓͂́͋̃̆̒͋̓͊̄́̓̕̕̕̚͘͘͘̚̕̚͘̕̕͜͜͝͝͝͠͝͝͝͝͠ͅS̷̢̨̧̢̡̨̢̨̢̨̧̧̨̧͚̱̪͇̱̮̪̮̦̝͖̜͙̘̪̘̟̱͇͎̻̪͚̩͍̠̹̮͚̦̝̤͖̙͔͚̙̺̩̥̻͈̺̦͕͈̹̳̖͓̜͚̜̭͉͇͖̟͔͕̹̯̬͍̱̫̮͓̙͇̗̙̼͚̪͇̦̗̜̼̠͈̩̠͉͉̘̱̯̪̟͕̘͖̝͇̼͕̳̻̜͖̜͇̣̠̹̬̗̝͓̖͚̺̫͛̉̅̐̕͘͜͜͜͜ͅͅͅ.̶̨̢̢̨̢̨̢̛̻͙̜̼̮̝̙̣̘̗̪̜̬̳̫̙̮̣̹̥̲̥͇͈̮̟͉̰̮̪̲̗̳̰̫̙͍̦̘̠̗̥̮̹̤̼̼̩͕͉͕͇͙̯̫̩̦̟̦̹͈͔̱̝͈̤͓̻̟̮̱͖̟̹̝͉̰͊̓̏̇͂̅̀̌͑̿͆̿̿͗̽̌̈́̉̂̀̒̊̿͆̃̄͑͆̃̇͒̀͐̍̅̃̍̈́̃̕͘͜͜͝͠͠z̴̢̢̡̧̢̢̧̢̨̡̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̲͚̠̜̮̠̜̞̤̺͈̘͍̻̫͖̣̥̗̙̳͓͙̫̫͖͍͇̬̲̳̭̘̮̤̬̖̼͎̬̯̼̮͔̭̠͎͓̼̖̟͈͓̦̩̦̳̙̮̗̮̩͙͓̮̰̜͎̺̞̝̪͎̯̜͈͇̪̙͎̩͖̭̟͎̲̩͔͓͈͌́̿͐̍̓͗͑̒̈́̎͂̋͂̀͂̑͂͊͆̍͛̄̃͌͗̌́̈̊́́̅͗̉͛͌͋̂̋̇̅̔̇͊͑͆̐̇͊͋̄̈́͆̍̋̏͑̓̈́̏̀͒̂̔̄̅̇̌̀̈́̿̽̋͐̾̆͆͆̈̌̿̈́̎͌̊̓̒͐̾̇̈́̍͛̅͌̽́̏͆̉́̉̓̅́͂͛̄̆͌̈́̇͐̒̿̾͌͊͗̀͑̃̊̓̈̈́̊͒̒̏̿́͑̄̑͋̀̽̀̔̀̎̄͑̌̔́̉̐͛̓̐̅́̒̎̈͆̀̍̾̀͂̄̈́̈́̈́̑̏̈́̐̽̐́̏̂̐̔̓̉̈́͂̕̚̕͘͘̚͘̚̕̚̚̚͘̕̕̕͜͜͝͠͠͝͝͝͝͠͝͝͝͠͝͝͝͝͝͝ͅͅͅī̸̧̧̧̡̨̨̢̨̛̛̘͓̼̰̰̮̗̰͚̙̥̣͍̦̺͈̣̻͇̱͔̰͈͓͖͈̻̲̫̪̲͈̜̲̬̖̻̰̦̰͙̤̘̝̦̟͈̭̱̮̠͍̖̲͉̫͔͖͔͈̻̖̝͎̖͕͔̣͈̤̗̱̀̅̃̈́͌̿̏͋̊̇̂̀̀̒̉̄̈́͋͌̽́̈́̓̑̈̀̍͗͜͜͠͠ͅp̴̢̢̧̨̡̡̨̢̨̢̢̢̨̡̛̛͕̩͕̟̫̝͈̖̟̣̲̖̭̙͇̟̗͖͎̹͇̘̰̗̝̹̤̺͉͎̙̝̟͙͚̦͚͖̜̫̰͖̼̤̥̤̹̖͉͚̺̥̮̮̫͖͍̼̰̭̤̲͔̩̯̣͖̻͇̞̳̬͉̣̖̥̣͓̤͔̪̙͎̰̬͚̣̭̞̬͎̼͉͓̮͙͕̗̦̞̥̮̘̻͎̭̼͚͎͈͇̥̗͖̫̮̤̦͙̭͎̝͖̣̰̱̩͎̩͎̘͇̟̠̱̬͈̗͍̦̘̱̰̤̱̘̫̫̮̥͕͉̥̜̯͖̖͍̮̼̲͓̤̮͈̤͓̭̝̟̲̲̳̟̠͉̙̻͕͙̞͔̖͈̱̞͓͔̬̮͎̙̭͎̩̟̖͚̆͐̅͆̿͐̄̓̀̇̂̊̃̂̄̊̀͐̍̌̅͌̆͊̆̓́̄́̃̆͗͊́̓̀͑͐̐̇͐̍́̓̈́̓̑̈̈́̽͂́̑͒͐͋̊͊̇̇̆̑̃̈́̎͛̎̓͊͛̐̾́̀͌̐̈́͛̃̂̈̿̽̇̋̍͒̍͗̈͘̚̚͘̚͘͘͜͜͜͜͜͜͠͠͝͝ͅͅͅ☻♥■∞{╚mYÄÜXτ╕○\╚Θº£¥ΘBM@Q05♠{{↨↨▬§¶‼↕◄►☼1♦  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Posted
1 minute ago, BuckGup said:

You mean Microsoft did because they own github 

Nobody should care so long as Github is able to act independently. 

Cor Caeruleus Reborn v6

Spoiler

CPU: Intel - Core i7-8700K

CPU Cooler: be quiet! - PURE ROCK 
Thermal Compound: Arctic Silver - 5 High-Density Polysynthetic Silver 3.5g Thermal Paste 
Motherboard: ASRock Z370 Extreme4
Memory: G.Skill TridentZ RGB 2x8GB 3200/14
Storage: Samsung - 850 EVO-Series 500GB 2.5" Solid State Drive 
Storage: Samsung - 960 EVO 500GB M.2-2280 Solid State Drive
Storage: Western Digital - Blue 2TB 3.5" 5400RPM Internal Hard Drive
Storage: Western Digital - BLACK SERIES 3TB 3.5" 7200RPM Internal Hard Drive
Video Card: EVGA - 970 SSC ACX (1080 is in RMA)
Case: Fractal Design - Define R5 w/Window (Black) ATX Mid Tower Case
Power Supply: EVGA - SuperNOVA P2 750W with CableMod blue/black Pro Series
Optical Drive: LG - WH16NS40 Blu-Ray/DVD/CD Writer 
Operating System: Microsoft - Windows 10 Pro OEM 64-bit and Linux Mint Serena
Keyboard: Logitech - G910 Orion Spectrum RGB Wired Gaming Keyboard
Mouse: Logitech - G502 Wired Optical Mouse
Headphones: Logitech - G430 7.1 Channel  Headset
Speakers: Logitech - Z506 155W 5.1ch Speakers

 

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Posted
27 minutes ago, ARikozuM said:

Nobody should care so long as Github is able to act independently. 

You're right

▓ƆԀ▓ S▓₱▓Ɇ▓c▓s▓: i7 6ʇɥפᴉƎ00K (4.4ghz), Asus DeLuxe X99A II, GT҉X҉1҉0҉8҉0 Zotac Amp ExTrꍟꎭe),Si6F4Gb D???????r PlatinUm, EVGA G2 Sǝʌǝᘉ5ᙣᙍᖇᓎᙎᗅᖶt, Phanteks Enthoo Primo, 3TB WD Black, 500gb 850 Evo, H100iGeeTeeX, Windows 10, K70 R̸̢̡̭͍͕̱̭̟̩̀̀̃́̃͒̈́̈́͑̑́̆͘͜ͅG̶̦̬͊́B̸͈̝̖͗̈́, G502, HyperX Cloud 2s, Asus MX34. פN∩SW∀S 960 EVO

Just keeping this here as a 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31 minutes ago, BuckGup said:

You mean Microsoft did because they own github 

i'm surprised, and did not know this, i would expect a lot of material that is hosted on github would've been taken down.

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I'm glad that the EFF has stood up for Github. My respect has increased even more for them. 

12 minutes ago, Letgomyleghoe said:

i'm surprised, and did not know this, i would expect a lot of material that is hosted on github would've been taken down.

I agree. though I always thought it was weird for ms to do open source stuff on git, like powertoys

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1 hour ago, Letgomyleghoe said:

i'm surprised, and did not know this, i would expect a lot of material that is hosted on github would've been taken down.

Or maybe Microsoft wants to harm one of the way youtube gets their money. Ten thousand copies of windows 10 is nothing compared to all those Cease and desist.

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I'll keep this brief  (and I wish I knew of a better place to post this and a better way to phrase it), but my condensed thoughts on copyrights (re-triggered by recent DMCA events like this one and what's happening with Twitch) is basically along the lines of...

 

I think copyright terms have gotten WAY too long, and WAY too restrictive for the end users.

 

I don't like to see things still being copyrighted long after they've gone out of print / gone off sale / fallen way down the charts / etc, and I like to see end users have more rights / fewer restrictions.

I think the original copyright term in 1790 was 14 years, if I remember my prior research right.  (Maybe today's terms should be shorter, cause of faster turnover, but idk.)  I think 95 years (or life plus 70 years) is WAY too long.  I wrote a few things when I was in my teens or early 20s or so (I'm 39 now), those should already have lapsed into public domain by now.  (I didn't make money off them, but then I never made an attempt to sell them, that's on me to not at least try to get the ball rolling then.)

 

As for end-user rights while copyrights are still in effect, I like to take inspiration from concepts like copyleft, open source, MIT/GPL, other "Freedom" based licenses, etc. :) 

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6 hours ago, TimeOmnivore said:

we understand that just because code can be used to access copyrighted works doesn’t mean it can’t also be used to access works in non-infringing ways.

I really hate them for just lying. They know full and well the primary intent of the software was to download music, as shown below.

 

Quote

We also note that the source code prominently includes as sample uses of the source code the downloading of copies of our members’ copyrighted sound recordings and music videos, as noted in Exhibit A hereto. For example, as shown on Exhibit A, the source code expressly suggests its use to copy and/or distribute the following copyrighted works owned by our member companies:

• Icona Pop – I Love It (feat. Charli XCX) [Official Video], owned by Warner Music Group
• Justin Timberlake – Tunnel Vision (Explicit), owned by Sony Music Group
• Taylor Swift – Shake it Off, owned/exclusively licensed by Universal Music Group

The source code notes that the Icona Pop work identified above is under the YouTube Standard license, which expressly restricts access to copyrighted works only for streaming on YouTube and prohibits their further reproduction or distribution without consent of the copyright owner; that the Justin Timberlake work identified above is under an additional age protection identifier; and that the request for the Taylor Swift work identified above is to obtain, without authorization of the copyright owner or YouTube, an M4A audio file from the audiovisual work in question.

https://github.com/github/dmca/blob/master/2020/10/2020-10-23-RIAA.md

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That's one of perks being backed (owned) by a giant mega corporation like Microsoft. They have just legal department the size of other companies lol

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29 minutes ago, poochyena said:

I really hate them for just lying. They know full and well the primary intent of the software was to download music, as shown below.

 

https://github.com/github/dmca/blob/master/2020/10/2020-10-23-RIAA.md

When you say you "hate them for lying" you are referring to the RIAA, right? Because they are the ones who lied. 

The source code does not explicitly suggest to download copyrighted songs with it. As the EFF explains in their letter, YouTube-DL tests connectivity by downloading a couple of seconds of those songs mentioned and then deleted them. 

Here is the source code for those files (please note that they are source code files and not some instruction like the RIAA says they were). 

 

https://github.com/animelover1984/youtube-dl/commit/0851123c1909558268e8e237214d9c466cf5198d

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2 minutes ago, RejZoR said:

That's one of perks being backed (owned) by a giant mega corporation like Microsoft. They have just legal department the size of other companies lol

I do not like everything Microsoft does, not by a long shot, but there are some aspects where Microsoft has really come around and I am absolutely loving it, like e.g. Microsoft's been backing up open-source heavily the last couple of years now and they're shoving money hand-over-fist to try and improve Github and make it the best, most attractive place for developers to host their code on. VSCode is a fricking amazing code-editor, I am totally loving the new Windows Terminal, I find their integration of Linux into Windows a very cool feature and all.

 

I'm just saying that I'm not surprised Microsoft is flexing its muscles in this regards and I, personally, don't see any reason to think they are lying about it, either -- someone will definitely claim that, but I just don't believe it.

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6 minutes ago, LAwLz said:

Here is the source code for those files (please note that they are source code files and not some instruction like the RIAA says they were).

Indeed. How many non-developer users would go around reading the source-code as a source of instructions on its use? Oh, literally zero people. Heck, even developers wouldn't do that. The only people to see the code in the first place would be developers looking to improve/modify Youtube-dl or who were just curious about its internals, no one else, so the claim of it instructing people to download those copyrighted videos is a 100%, unadulterated stinking load of bullshit.

Hand, n. A singular instrument worn at the end of the human arm and commonly thrust into somebody’s pocket.

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51 minutes ago, poochyena said:

I really hate them for just lying. They know full and well the primary intent of the software was to download music, as shown below.

 

https://github.com/github/dmca/blob/master/2020/10/2020-10-23-RIAA.md

Not only is that just incorrect but also the software can't be liable for how users use it unless there are no legal ways to use the software. I don't even think DMCA would be the avenue to take down the source code if it was found to be used for illegal purposes only anyways. For the same reason torrenting is legal this is also legal. 

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6 hours ago, PianoPlayer88Key said:

I'll keep this brief  (and I wish I knew of a better place to post this and a better way to phrase it), but my condensed thoughts on copyrights (re-triggered by recent DMCA events like this one and what's happening with Twitch) is basically along the lines of...

 

I think copyright terms have gotten WAY too long, and WAY too restrictive for the end users.

 

I don't like to see things still being copyrighted long after they've gone out of print / gone off sale / fallen way down the charts / etc, and I like to see end users have more rights / fewer restrictions.

I think the original copyright term in 1790 was 14 years, if I remember my prior research right.  (Maybe today's terms should be shorter, cause of faster turnover, but idk.)  I think 95 years (or life plus 70 years) is WAY too long.  I wrote a few things when I was in my teens or early 20s or so (I'm 39 now), those should already have lapsed into public domain by now.  (I didn't make money off them, but then I never made an attempt to sell them, that's on me to not at least try to get the ball rolling then.)

 

As for end-user rights while copyrights are still in effect, I like to take inspiration from concepts like copyleft, open source, MIT/GPL, other "Freedom" based licenses, etc. :) 

You can blame Disney for that. They pushed for the copyright expiry date to be extended twice to protect Mickey Mouse from entering the public domain.

 

On topic, this is a very good thing and all involved parties should be praised. The problem now is the publishers will try to strong arm Google into implementing even more draconian DRM measures to protect their revenue stream and as we all know, Google won't resist at all.

 

3 hours ago, poochyena said:

I really hate them for just lying. They know full and well the primary intent of the software was to download music, as shown below.

 

https://github.com/github/dmca/blob/master/2020/10/2020-10-23-RIAA.md

Did you actually read the OP? The RIAA lied in the DMCA request, the source code says no such thing.

 

The songs listed are used by the app as a functionality test, the app uses them to stream a few seconds of data to check its connected to the site and can stream, this is invisible to the user and at no point are those songs stored on the users computer. The app does not ever tell the user to copy or share those songs.

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