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5G Waveforms are Potentially Power Vampires

HarryNyquist
By HarryNyquist
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Source: https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/5gs-waveform-is-a-battery-vampire

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3GPP’s Release 15, which laid the foundation for 5G, ultimately selected orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), a holdover from 4G, as the encoding option. But Release 16, expected by year’s end, will include the findings of a study group assigned to explore alternatives. Wireless standards are frequently updated, and in the next 5G release, the industry could address concerns that OFDM may draw too much power in 5G devices and base stations. That’s a problem, because 5G is expected to require far more base stations to deliver service and connect billions of mobile and IoT devices.

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Data is transmitted using OFDM by chopping the data into portions and sending the portions simultaneously and at different frequencies so that the portions are “orthogonal” (meaning they do not interfere with each other).

The trade-off is that OFDM has a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Generally speaking, the orthogonal portions of an OFDM signal deliver energy constructively—that is, the very quality that prevents the signals from canceling each other out also prevents each portion’s energy from canceling out the energy of other portions. That means any receiver needs to be able to take in a lot of energy at once, and any transmitter needs to be able to put out a lot of energy at once. Those high-energy instances cause OFDM’s high PAPR and make the method less energy efficient than other encoding schemes.

 

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“I don’t think the carriers really understood the impact on the mobile phone, and what it’s going to do to battery life,” says James Kimery, the director of marketing for RF and software-defined radio research at National Instruments Corp. “5G is going to come with a price, and that price is battery consumption.”

 

And Kimery notes that these concerns apply beyond 5G handsets. China Mobile has “been vocal about the power consumption of their base stations,” he says. A 5G base station is generally expected to consume roughly three times as much power as a 4G base station. And more 5G base stations are needed to cover the same area.

I wonder how 5G will really affect phone designs AND mobile network infrastructure coming in the future. It sounds to me like all-day phone batteries with 5G might not be able to happen, unless some alternative is reached. Not to mention the base stations; if each station consumes 3x the power as a 4G station does, that could be a real problem doing in-place upgrades to towers with generator backups.

 

It looks like, however, at least initially, that OFDM and high power consumption will be there to stay, as 5G is already rolling out, and we all know how inflexible standards can be once they are established. My guess is it will be easier for manufacturers to increase battery size than to re-integrate a new modem, just like it would be easier to upgrade the generator at a tower to support transmitting more 5G.

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Just don't use it? I'll be honest with you I have all my life just used the WiFi from wherever I was... sure in instances I'm on the street I don't have working internet but it has never been an issue if I'm honest.

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9 minutes ago, HarryNyquist said:

 if each station consumes 3x the power as a 4G station does, that could be a real problem doing in-place upgrades to towers with generator backups.

I would hope these base stations fall back to a lower speed. I would rather deal with slower speed if it means our communication infrastructure can last longer in a power outage.

 

9 minutes ago, HarryNyquist said:

My guess is it will be easier for manufacturers to increase battery size than to re-integrate a new modem, just like it would be easier to upgrade the generator at a tower to support transmitting more 5G.

I wonder how easy/fast it is for the modem to go into hibernate, wake up, sync back up to a base station, get whatever data, and go back to sleep is. As long as the transfer is significantly faster over 4G, it may result in comparable power consumption overall.

 

But eh, if I can think of that, someone else should've.

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Great worse battery life

▓ƆԀ▓ S▓₱▓Ɇ▓c▓s▓: i7 6ʇɥפᴉƎ00K (4.4ghz), Asus DeLuxe X99A II, GT҉X҉1҉0҉8҉0 Zotac Amp ExTrꍟꎭe),Si6F4Gb D???????r PlatinUm, EVGA G2 Sǝʌǝᘉ5ᙣᙍᖇᓎᙎᗅᖶt, Phanteks Enthoo Primo, 3TB WD Black, 500gb 850 Evo, H100iGeeTeeX, Windows 10, K70 R̸̢̡̭͍͕̱̭̟̩̀̀̃́̃͒̈́̈́͑̑́̆͘͜ͅG̶̦̬͊́B̸͈̝̖͗̈́, G502, HyperX Cloud 2s, Asus MX34. פN∩SW∀S 960 EVO

Just keeping this here as a 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I doubt 5G will be used a the primary connection and more of a Carrier maintained WiFi-esque connection. 5G range is short and carriers will need to fill a LOT more paperwork for easements for new infrastructure. The 5G rollout is likely going to be at least twice as slow as the 4G roll out if not slower. Hopefully, SOME new battery tech will make it to market by then... if not at least 15W fast charge being the normal for almost all devices.

 

LTE covers a radius of about 100,000 meters or about 31,416 Square Kilometers [1]
5G covers a radius of about 300 meters or about 0.28 Square kilometers [2]

That means 112,200 new easements that need to be created PER 4G tower to 5G mesh conversion and all the paperwork that comes with it.

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We'll see how much it actually matters. There's also improvements to modems etc that will ease the power requirements. It's still in its infancy. Of course there's going to be growing pains. IIRC 4G was exactly the same when it launched; everyone crying about increased battery consumption. 

41 minutes ago, Princess Luna said:

Just don't use it? I'll be honest with you I have all my life just used the WiFi from wherever I was... sure in instances I'm on the street I don't have working internet but it has never been an issue if I'm honest.

Eh, I couldn't live with just wifi. It's not  early common enough where I live, plus I need constant reliable connection. 

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Honestly I think 5g is fairly stupid. I have never once in the last 5 years complained that 4g wasn't fast enough. Honestly 4g is more than enough for me and the thought of 5g and its implementation on the environment makes me wish they would just give up on the tech. If it didn't have so many drawbacks I would be for it because getting better tech is always good but tbh 5g sounds to me like a worse tech in most aspects. 

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6 hours ago, Brooksie359 said:

Honestly I think 5g is fairly stupid. I have never once in the last 5 years complained that 4g wasn't fast enough. Honestly 4g is more than enough for me and the thought of 5g and its implementation on the environment makes me wish they would just give up on the tech. If it didn't have so many drawbacks I would be for it because getting better tech is always good but tbh 5g sounds to me like a worse tech in most aspects. 

Unless carriers provided some direct benefit to their customers, such as 5G usage not counting toward the data cap, I too couldn't care less about 5G.

Edited by Zodiark1593
Fixed for wording fail.

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2 hours ago, Princess Luna said:

Just don't use it? I'll be honest with you I have all my life just used the WiFi from wherever I was... sure in instances I'm on the street I don't have working internet but it has never been an issue if I'm honest.

I thought that when I left Verizon for T-Mobile, but for me the WiFi calling was so crap and the 4G reception indoors was worse, that I had no choice but to crawl back to Verizon. It depends so much on the hardware you have and your day-to-day behavior.

 

2 hours ago, rcmaehl said:

I doubt 5G will be used a the primary connection and more of a Carrier maintained WiFi-esque connection. 5G range is short and carriers will need to fill a LOT more paperwork for easements for new infrastructure. The 5G rollout is likely going to be at least twice as slow as the 4G roll out if not slower. Hopefully, SOME new battery tech will make it to market by then... if not at least 15W fast charge being the normal for almost all devices.

I would bet 5G would fallback on 4G/3G/etc when the coverage drops out, but that then begs the question; will the carriers be concerned that 5G phones don't have good battery life, or will they only care about their costs? How much problem will their be with the 5G/4G handoff (something that's already been identified as a problem: see end link) in terms of power usage?

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Think 4g is good enough until we have a better alternative (overall). Should really work on making wifi more readily available and seamless to switch between...

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11 minutes ago, RotoCoreOne said:

Think 4g is good enough until we have a better alternative (overall). Should really work on making wifi more readily available and seamless to switch between...

I think 4G will be around for a while, especially considering the old 3G is still around (although that one will stop being supported in many regions). 5G has its unique challenges (many of which come with using much higher carrier frequencies than before), therefore I expect it to be more demanding on the signal processing side.
The data rates that are advertised in connection with 5G sound great, but I hope the standards will require a fair scheduler to be used to ensure a large enough portion of customers will have an adequate user experience.
Personally, I will try to keep my 4G device for a while, at least until 5G has had the chance to mature a little bit.

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3 hours ago, greenhorn said:

I think 4G will be around for a while, especially considering the old 3G is still around (although that one will stop being supported in many regions). 5G has its unique challenges (many of which come with using much higher carrier frequencies than before), therefore I expect it to be more demanding on the signal processing side.
The data rates that are advertised in connection with 5G sound great, but I hope the standards will require a fair scheduler to be used to ensure a large enough portion of customers will have an adequate user experience.
Personally, I will try to keep my 4G device for a while, at least until 5G has had the chance to mature a little bit.

I expect 4G to hang around for some time. The 5G spec also includes frequencies as low as 600 MHz, so range shouldn't be an issue in the long run. I suspect the higher frequency implementations are taking priority to achieve greater bandwidth in big cities where network congestion tends to be problematic. Once this is done, I would expect a more broad scale rollout of the lower frequency implementations.

 

Backwards compatibility exists (plenty of phones can still use 2G) , so there's no need to be concerned about losing 4g when upgrading. The phone will just default to what's available.

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11 hours ago, Brooksie359 said:

Honestly I think 5g is fairly stupid. I have never once in the last 5 years complained that 4g wasn't fast enough. Honestly 4g is more than enough for me and the thought of 5g and its implementation on the environment makes me wish they would just give up on the tech. If it didn't have so many drawbacks I would be for it because getting better tech is always good but tbh 5g sounds to me like a worse tech in most aspects. 

I always wonder what people need all this bandwidth for. Watching 4K on 5.5 inch devices? Only meaningful reason would be recording something in 4K and having the need to send it out this moment. The rest... I sync my images live through LTE and it's done every time I snap one, so it's never 300 images and 5GB of data. Games and apps are all so small it goes fine with LTE. Same for all the social media crap.

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4 hours ago, Zodiark1593 said:

Backwards compatibility exists (plenty of phones can still use 2G) , so there's no need to be concerned about losing 4g when upgrading. The phone will just default to what's available.

No 2g In Australia,  Australia ditches it's old tech as fast as it adopts the new stuff. 

 

To those wondering about the benefits of 5G's speed/bandwidth, the reason Telco's are developing for 5g (at least here in Aus) is not so they can give everyone 1Gb/s mobile internet, but so they can give 20 times more people the same 50Mb (4G) experience.  It's a smarter tech for congested networks.  

Grammar and spelling is not indicative of intelligence/knowledge.  Not having the same opinion does not always mean lack of understanding.  

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I was looking forward to every generational advancement of mobile data transfer, but 5G does not excite me in the slightest. We're at the point where LTE is faster and more reliable than your (and even mine) home WiFi, and cheap unlimited data plans are a thing in most parts of the world (except for the US, Canada, and maybe Australia and some other countries). 5G improves reliability, but it comes with such a big amount of tradeoffs that it's really difficult to justify it in any sensible way.

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People say LTE is fast and good enough, but in parts of the UK and especially the cities speed caps are applied. This means that more people get to use a slower service, substantially slower than LTE allows. This is all 5G really is about, cramming more customers into an already oversubscribed 4G network. 5G will allow the growth to continue. IMO the benefits to the customers will be minimal, the environmental impact high. How high is yet to be seen. With most cities beginning to gear up for the electrification of the vehicle fleet I can see many car charge stations also being 5G transmitters. The power will be there and the locations numerous. Having said that, in cities why not simple make every car charge station a WiFi transmitter?

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16 hours ago, HarryNyquist said:

My guess is it will be easier for manufacturers to increase battery size than to re-integrate a new modem, just like it would be easier to upgrade the generator at a tower to support transmitting more 5G.

If the problem is as big as painted I would guess one of the options is to make 5G "boost" network meaning if it's available and the user is moving a big file or other way needs the fastest speed possible, the 5G would kick in and in normal use the phone would use 4G. In "normal" use (let's say small updates, web browsing, listening music and communication) you don't probably even need the full 4G speeds for good experience, so having 5G for them would be around in the same area as having 10Gb fiber connection for paying bills and reading news.

Quite frankly I wouldn't really mind if this kind of system would be made for existing connections already. I wouldn't mind if my phones connection would drop to even 3G speeds while not in use to conserve battery instead of running constantly in 4G, hell probably GSM is enough while the phone doesn't do anything else than waits for a ping for new message/email and that tech is so ancient that it probably wouldn't even consume battery.

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Honestly I'm very happy with 4G. I hope that when 5G gets switched on it increases the available bandwidth for 4G as a result so I get more reliable speeds. My 100GBs of 4G data is perfect and I wouldn't trade that for a 5G contract anytime soon/in the future.

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Cool. Not even 4G is being used to it's full potential at places and such. So 5G from carriers better start with quite a good speeds and obviously better latency. As for battery, it seems who knows when we'll get next gen type of batteries. But, give me larger capacity in general for 5G phones. 

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History will repeat itself here. 4G used to suck down battery too, and compared to wifi it still does but it's much better now than when 4G was first rolled out. Hopefully they figure it out quickly

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I got the title wrong and was wondering how 5g powered vampires.

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I work in the telecom industry as a filter engineer (directly with this type of stuff in phones) and I can tell you that with every generation we are tasked to make things smaller, cheaper, and more power efficient. At least in the Tx/Rx modules (I don't know about the modem) things are getting generally more power efficient. Your phone doesn't have to run 5G all the time and your 4G part of your phone should be better than ever. I don't think phone batteries will get too much worse. I say that with a grain of salt because remember when 4G came out? Your battery lasted like 4 hours tops, but look at us now. 

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Did disable 5G on my router. I was surprised that my 7 year old laptop can use 5G (802.11n) but I do not need it

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1 hour ago, will4623 said:

I got the title wrong and was wondering how 5g powered vampires.

Future Tech News topic:

5G Towers Attract Swarms of Mysterious Bats
"Witnesses claim they heard the bats talking about men 'being a miserable pile of secrets.'"

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21 hours ago, Princess Luna said:

Just don't use it? I'll be honest with you I have all my life just used the WiFi from wherever I was... sure in instances I'm on the street I don't have working internet but it has never been an issue if I'm honest.

That’s great when you’re in the USA or Canada where there is free WiFi basically everywhere.  But places like Germany have little public WiFi and even less cellular data reception ?

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