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Hey guys! I'm doing an at home experiment for my physics degree due to covid restrictions, and I need to suck water up a straight vertical tube. I'm not a super practical person and I've been racking my brain for ages to find a nice cheap solution, and then it occurred to me that water cooling enthusiasts might have some experience/ideas on this. Let me describe the problem in detail. The bigger picture is that I want to put a vertical tube in a tank, draw water up the tube, then release the water so that it drops back down the tube and oscillates up and down within the tube. What I need to figure out is a cheap and simple way to draw the fluid up the tube initially. The tube must be rigid, straight, and transparent. The tube will be about 1m in length, and I would like to be able to draw the fluid nearly to the top but not all the way to the top where it'd overflow. I must be able to draw the fluid slowly enough that I could precisely set the height anywhere on the tube. The tube diameter is not yet decided, but I would be happy to use standard sized pipes and fittings, ideally a tube between 0.5-2cm in diameter would be good (but I'm flexible on this). I was thinking that I'd need to put a valve on the top of the tube then use a suction pump to draw water up the tube, then seal the valve, and when I'm ready to drop the fluid, quickly open the valve again. It would be a bonus (really not necessary if it's not very easy to incorporate) if I could get an accurate pressure measurement of the air inside the tube before I drop the fluid. Also, once I open the valve I don't want it to restrict air flow too much as this would stop the fluid falling freely. I want the pressure in the tube to near instantly reach atmospheric pressure after opening the valve. I'd like to achieve all this for under £50 (ideally quite a bit less than that). I'm in the UK, so please could you recommend parts that I'd be able to get here, and I'm not limited to buying PC water cooling parts, literally anything that will do the job is fine! I'd be really grateful for any advice, parts recommendations, alternative methods, etc. (I suppose one alternative method is that I could pump water into the bottom of the tube then seal it with a valve at the top and remove the pump apparatus from the bottom of the tube before opening the valve again. I am aware I could also lower the tube into the tank, seal it, then lift it up, but this isn't viable for me as I won't have a deep enough tank to be able to get the water far enough up the tube.)

Watts=Volts x amps Ohms= resistance aka heat/low amps Wire gauge needs to be able to handle the amps and heat before melting/shorting Metal matters less resistance/thicker wire/melting temp matters. Blah Blah Blah basics Standard North America power is 120v cool. My question is how much does voltage matter in wire gauge? standard 20 amp circuits use 12 guage wire for 120v. About 2400watts. Can that same wire handle 12v at 200amps? or 1200v at 2 amps? Right? Wrong? What I know (because home voltage is pretty standard) wire gauge is more tied to amps than volts. That why flash bulb can have massive volts on thin wires. right?

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Hello, I'm thinking about getting the Fractal Design Torrent Compact with a RX 6800 XT. The max GPU length is under 1 cm longer than the graphics card. How much will this influence the airflow? Thanks for reading

Dear Users, I have always wanted either a go kart or to repurpose a tractor or lawnmower into a little drift demon, but I am worried about so many things about kart/vehicle construction. Here are some topics that if you know stuff about lets discuss! I want to build two vehicles currently, one slow and one fast. A) If I go for a gas engine, how much horsepower would I need to go slow? And how much to go fast? Say my craft is 250 pounds including my weight, would a 7 hp engine be nice, or what equations can I use to calculate this. B) If I go for a electric motor and some fat batteries what equations are there to calculate how many Watts I would need to go fast or slow, any info on this would be great. C) If I want to rebuild or build my own front of the car, how do I build an axle and connect body work onto it? Any ideas? D) How do I know if my chassis can stand the forces I will be placing on it? Should I make everything out of iron or steel? Do I need like a roll cage for stability? I was gonna build the body work with wood. I really dont need to have my vehicle break at speed. E) How do I connect a steering wheel to an axle or do they come as a combo? Any videos or links would be awesome. I know this all may sound vague and like I dont know what I am doing and haven't done a lot of research, but I have, most go kart builds start with a pre built go kart or something thats expensive, I want to build something so custom that I want to DYI it all with literally 0 knowledge beforehand. Absolute learning time. Thanks! -GEESMAN

In an article I first read on Engadget then followed up on Phys.org, researchers at Macquarie University have provided a method for combining multiple lasers into a single beam to multiply the power output. From the Phys.org article: https://phys.org/news/2017-04-star-wars-superlaser-longer-sci-fi.html https://www.engadget.com/2017/04/03/scientists-develop-death-star-like-laser/ I can definitely see some of the applications for this, especially if as the article states, the diamonds rapidly dissipate the waste heat, allowing for multiple low power lasers to operate in a more rapid procession. Of course this also means that any 'Rebel Scum' out there may need to watch out for rogue Space Stations ... Have to say this is another case of why I love science!

With gaming CPUs having, at most, 20 threads, and physics calculations potentially applying to hundreds or thousands of objects in a scene, using the CPU for physics calculations seems like a huge bottleneck in terms of what we can do with games. Using the GPU for physics calculations seems wasteful as well, as now we're 1) Using a portion of the GPU die for physics work that could be dedicated to more shader work and polygon crunching or 2) Using a portion of the GPU's performance for physics calculation, again cutting into that graphics processing bottom line. This question can be generalized even further - I understand that the CPU is a general-purpose processor - jack of all trades. This seems to suggest that, taken to the logical extreme, an ideal gaming build would have CPU for game instructions, a GPU for graphics, a physics card for physics simulation, an AI card for AI simulation, etc. Putting all that into a general purpose 4-20 thread CPU seems like a huge performance limiter. I don't expect it to get this crazy, but... Considering we decided years ago to make graphics its own dedicated card / processor, why did we stop there? It obviously worked with GPUs. There seems to be something to this. What gives?

Hi guys, I want to know in what movies producers didn't listen physics teacher. Write me some of examples of movies or series where you noticed something bad about laws of physics. I would appreciate if you would explain what is wrong in those scenes! Tnx!

So I initially tried a bit of an experiment to plug an old Ageia PhysX Card under my GTX 980 to see how a lot of these old PhysX games played on modern hardware, but I then got the idea to do a full retro review video of each game made for that quirky piece of kit, including how well the physics worked as well as what ever happened to the developers of those particular games. Overall this video project had been stewing on my back-burner for a little over a year now and I'm finally done with it. I'd figured I'd share it with this community to get some input from you guys to see what you think. WARNING, it's 40 minutes long though. *link removed*

So I'm doing a physics project over what we learned this semester. I decided on projectile motion, specifically bullet drop for snipers. My question is what are the bullet drop values in BF1, if you know them? Velocities, distances, accelerations and any other values you guys know of. Much appreciated!

Hi, I'm a physics student, and i need a recommendation for the most appropiate version of Linux that will help me in my research, any suggestions?

Just saw this gem. https://phys.org/news/2019-08-approach-hvac-exchangers-efficient.html Would this benefit regular water cooling or will Linus have to break out his AC unit for another vid. More importantly for our wallets and the environment how much will this effect home and auto systems? Servers and folding rigs? Someone get me a Professor Farnsworth gif and some exited cat memes. Science!

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Hey, I just upgraded from my old pc a bit. I upgraded to a i7 8700, new ASUS ROG STRIX Z370-H GAMING and a Dark Rock Pro 4 I left my old GPU (GTX 1050TI from MSI) in it since I ran low on funds during the process. When I start any game I get huge physics problems - talking everything that has physics jiggles around, and I get flickering. When I google images for example, I have spots on images - image below.

This is completely serious, mods pls do not delete Doubt 1)A raindrop reaches the earth's surface. What can you say about its velocity? Give Reasons Doubt 2)In regard to a D.C motor, is the magnitude of force constant when split rings are in contact with carbon brushes(this is a very simple dc motor) Pls dont follow reddit links, give answers here itself. Thank you so much in advance

Hello everyone! First time poster here. So, as the title suggests, I need some help figuring out the right pieces for a brand new build focused on both school work and casual gaming on a budget. Here's some additional info that might be useful: I live in Mexico and for personal reasons I'd very much rather buy all the pieces on the Amazon Mexico website (i.e., no Newegg or Amazon USA prices considered) My budget is around 16K mexican pesos max (roughly 800-850 USD) I'm a physics student (this will be relevant a bit later) I'm planning on using only one monitor and perhaps adding an extra one in the future (not sure yet so it's not prioritary for the build) I want this PC to run as many AAA games (both existing and upcoming) at 60 FPS minimum, in 1080p and at least medium settings, high if possible. I won't demand ultra settings in any game at all, it's just not necessary to me. As a sub-bullet here, most of the games I tend to play are single-player titles, e.g. GTA, Darksiders, Assassin's Creed, Dark Souls; with a few multiplayers here and there like Minecraft, Overwatch, Street Fighter or League of Legends. The school work I mentioned includes software like KiCad, Maple, Mathematica and Matlab. I think this is fairly light usage for the PC I'm aiming to build but I know next to nothing about the topic so I'm all ears to your opinions. Some additional uses I have planned: aficionado level graphic design, video editing and music recording. Nothing too fancy, I just want to run Photoshop, Illustrator, Sony Vegas and some digital audio workstation with no performing issues and decent rendering times. (The music recording gear is NOT included within the budget, as this aspect I will cover separately). The monitor is included in the budget, but it doesn't have to be one of those hyper performing, no lag, 4K displays. 1080p, as mentioned, serves me more than well. An optical drive should also be included within the budget (mostly to create music CDs and some DVDs for my parents who are not very fond of modern tech). The case I'm considering right now is the Corsair Spec 02, as it is an ATX case which features two 5.25" bays, three 3.5" bays and two 2.5" bays according to Corsair's official website. I'm planning to include two SSDs and one HDD. I will use one SSD to install Windows 10 and the other one to mess around with Linux distros. The purpose of the HDD is solely to keep my files and games in it. No fancy LED stuff is required. I'm not contemplating overclocking but if it is a viable option, please let me know and suggest some proper thermal solution. Some people have told me that pretty much any Ryzen 5 1st gen and a 1050TI would fit me perfectly, but as I said, I have no clue about PC parts and I don't want to get neither an overkill setup nor choose underperforming components or creating bottlenecks between them. A friend of mine suggested a build like this: B350 AM4 ATX MOBO Ryzen 5 1400 or 1500X 8 GB 2666 MHz DDR4 RAM GTX 1050 TI 500 W PSU That'd be it. Also, if I'm asking too much for the budget I have in mind, please let me know so I don't have you guys wasting your time. Thank you all in advance!

Is there a pc software, free or paid that can be used as a 3D modelling tool AND to simulate live physics? Lets just say its like besiege but Autodesk in it. Im not talking about just pics or just shows some values, I mean like what I modelled will really move? EDIT: When I say physics, I meant realistic physics that can be used in real world applications or atleast very very close to real life physics

I know about torque magnetism all about that stuff some little but something doesn't rightly fit in, foundation of right hand rule. Like there seems not enough information why 1 dimensional current create a magnetic field defined by right hand rule. Is the universe built this way? Or like total angular momentum of stuff did the earth happened to be made up of electrons that spin clocwise or something like that. What I'm asking is probably dumb and off the point and I know this, just couldn't find the awnser on the internet. Brighten me people!!

What is this thread about? I am attempting to write up a little post here that conveys the physics of how the most common (ok, and maybe not so common) methods of PC cooling. If you are only interested in the stuff you need to pick the right coolers, you can skip to the respective paragraph. I am going to start basically from 0 with the physics, since I am specifically writing this for people holding common misconceptions like adding more coolers could get you below ambient or get the room temperature down. What is heat? Ok, first up, we need an idea of what heat is, and how heat travels. Heat is really nothing more than some type of energy (in equations I will write E) held in a material, so we use the unit J (Joules) for the amount of heat stored in an object. "But what about °C/°F/K ?" I hear you ask. Well, this is of course also quite important, the temperature (T) gives us a measure in which direction energy likes to flow. If you have a glass of water at 50°C there is a lot more energy in it than in the same volume of aluminium foil, even at 60°C. However energy will flow from the foil into the glass of water when you bring them together. For convenience sake I also want to add, that energy divided by time is power (P) with the unit W. TLDR; Energy travels, not temperature. How does energy travel? There are 3 main ways how heat energy travels from one place to another: Conduction Is the easiest to describe. It describes how heat travels through a solid object like a steel rod. Using this you can describe how the heat gets out of the CPU die, into the thermal paste, through the IHS, though the thermal paste and into the CPU cooler. How good heat travels depends on the difference in temperature, the area through which the heat travels and the material. Let us know think a slice of material with thickness d, where the two large faces have the temperatures T1 and T2 and have area A. Then the amount of energy dE that moves from one face of the slice to the other in time dt is: dE=C*A/d * dt * (T1-T2) where C is a constant describing how well heat travels through a material. This constant is called thermal conductivity and has the units W/mK (Watts per meter Kelvin) and is the same as W/m°C we can also rewrite the equation slightly and get P=C*A/d Radiation Is pretty hard to describe with equations, luckily it is so super weak, that unless none of the other ways can happen, one can pretty much ignore the contribution of radiation Convection This is the most tricky one. The idea is the following, if you have a bag of marbles and the bottom few are 100°C, then you can make heat travel through the bag by just picking these marbles up and putting them somewhere else. The equations regarding this depend greatly on the specifics of the situation, I will go into more detail regarding air/water cooling in the respective paragraphs. Ok, but what temperature is my CPU actually at? Lets think for a moment about a heater plate with a power output P that is connected via a sheet of copper of area A and thickness d to some solid chunk of magic fairy dust of temperature T2 that doesn't ever change its temperature. What temperature will the heater plate have? Well, the same temperature the underside of the copper plate will have, what is that temperature? In general we can't answer that, I mean imagine you cooled the plate down to -10°C, turned on the heater and immediately measured the temperature - of course your will find -10°C again, no matter what the power is. However, some amount of power will move into the copper and heat it up until, eventually, the temperature evens out. By that point all of the power from the heater needs to flow through the copper (otherwise the energy of the copper would increase and thus its temperature). This state is called the (thermal) equilibrium. We can use our equations for the 3 modes of heat transportation to figure out what the temperature difference between the top of the plate (T2) and the bottom (T1) is: The copper is solid, so all we need to worry about is conduction, so we open up our physics textbook and look up the thermal conductivity C. We plug it into P=C*A/d * (T1 - T2) and find T1 = P*d/(C*A) + T2. Notice that +T2 there? This means, when your room, uuuhm, I mean your magic fairy dust, increases its temperature by 5°C, so will your CPU, uhm, heater plate. Cooling systems are like ogres So what happens when there are multiple layers? Well, each layer needs to have a temperature difference between the two ends, and you just have to add them up, it's really that simple. So if you have a complex cooling system, say an air cooler, You identify the layers involved (TIM, IHS, TIM, heatpipes, cooling fins->air) figure out which layer can be modeled with which equations (conduction, conduction, conduction, conduction*, convection) look up all the constants calculate the temperature differences for each layer add them up Oh, and don't feel afraid to simplify things. Don't the like ~50 coupled 2D partial differential equations that come from looking at each cooling fin as a thing with a temperature gradient? Just assume each fin is the same temperature everywhere. Don't want to solve some complex thing including capillary action for the heatpipes? Just use the W/K for some random heatpipes of roughly the same diameter you find in a spec-sheet and use that instead (maybe divide by the cross-section and multiply by the length to get the a conductivity). Don't want to deal with complicated flow equations? Just assume the water is the same temperature everywhere in the loop. And just like this you have all you need to solve pretty much all cooling systems that stay in an equilibrium (like water or air cooling, not LN2). Things I still like to add include solving these problems for specific methods of cooling. Especially the more common ones. However if I want to actually make it understandable, each of these will be quite a few words with illustrations and probably code examples. So I think it will be a bit much for this thread. Tell me if you are interested and I will write them up in a separate post. Otherwise I might end up doing other physics topics first like "How does a transistor actually work?" or "What are the physical limits of computers?". Please tell me which of these you'd be interested in. And don't hold your breath

Hello, I go to 11th Grade and I choose to get my project from Physics because, I love physics, but I'm not sure what should I do. I have some things in mind and I want you guys to expand that list and help me choose, teacher said I should excite the school and him, so there's that. I'll link some my concept ideas. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvJAgrUBF4w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmS6h_fkPgk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_AiV12XBbI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uENITui5_jU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCiIUjPF060 Thanks already

Hello guys, giving quick info and jumping into the topic. I'm an 11th-grade student at a high school and I have a physics project to do because I have chosen physics from other lessons to get a yearly project from. So I need to impress people. I recently opened up a topic in this sub-forum if you've seen it, probably not. I asked about some ideas that I'll choose and do my physics project using that idea. I settled at one of them but I need a little bit of help with the things I'm going to need and I'll talk specifically about one of them here. A parabolic mirror, that's the part that seems to be hard to acquire for me. Oh, and the project I'm going to make is "THIS" one. But as you can tell, mirrors are EXPENSIVE. And a parabolic mirror? Don't even ask about it, I won't be able to buy one of them. I'm probably gonna make one. "But how?" you ask. I don't have much idea either Okay actually, I have. "THIS" video seems like the way I'll probably gonna follow. In the comments of that video, some mentioned that this mirror is not parabolic but rather kind of part of a big sphere-like. Admittedly I'm not a master about air pressures and how it affects soft membranes so... I don't really know what would be the problem, help me out with that too guys. And how you get the LED and camera locations according to the mirror? Like is the camera in the center or they both have the same offset from the focal point of the mirror? I would love to read your suggestions and replies, thanks so much already. ^^ (I'll try to reply immediately.)

Hello! First of all merry Christmas and new year (yeah i am kind of late...). I have been hearing that people you can use your old gpu for physics in games, so i have a GTX 950 and should i install a GT 610 1gb gpu in my rig? If so could it help me get more of juicy FPS and how? Thanks in advance!

I have this take home assignment for physics and I am super stuck on these 3 problems... see photo

1. Budget & Location I don't have a budget laid out for this, my plan was to order the parts as funds became available... I would like to not spend more than $3,500 usd, not including cost for shipping... Location is NM, USA... 2. Aim The aim is for a high end gaming machine. I play a lot of Physics based and high asset count games like Kerbal Space Program, Space Engineers, The X series (X beyond the frontier, X2, X3 Reunion, X Rebirth), Sins of a Solar Empire, Arma 3, Universe Sandbox, and X-Plane 10, and I would like to play these games/simulators at or very near highest physical settings. I am also beginning to learn how to use 3D programs (Auto Desk 123D) and do some light weight video editing from time to time. 3. Monitors I don't have any monitors right now and wouldn't mind some suggestions... Im used to working on one, but prefer two for X-Plane and general web browsing... 4. Peripherals I have a Logitech K800 keyboard and a Logitech G700s mouse that I prefer. I don't have an OS picked, but would like to stick with windows since its familiar... . 5. Why are you upgrading? Im upgrading because my current platform doesn't handle my interests with as much performance as I would like, plus its almost 5yrs old and has had a few trips to Afghanistan and back... ASUS G53SW-XR1 GPU: GeForce GTX 460M CPU: Intel i7-2760QM @ 2.4GHz Memory: 16GB 1st HD: 90GB SSD (/w OS installed) 2nd HD: Samsung Evo 850 500GB SSD OS: Windows 7 /w SP1 6. Build I'll update this section of the post so new readers see the update on this post. Here what Im looking at... Halcyon25 Build List Let me know your thoughts. Thank you all for your assistance... Chris

Alright i'll try to be as concise as possible. I am a graduating Physics and Math major and I am an avid programmer as well. In a few months time i'll be needing a PC with some serious horse power due to my work. I plan on working as a computational physicist or mathematician doing simulations and writing code for those kinds of tasks. However my current Gaming/Overclocking PC is not cut out for the task at all a Quadcore i7, GTX760, and 16GB of RAM just don't cut it. I will be needing some really Heavy Horsepower. I am not very well versed in buying components at this price range and though I have purchased components in the enthusiast/workstation range I only did it once and determined it wasn't worth it for gaming or simple programming (hyper-threading was nice for programming though) well now i don't really have a choice. In addition i would also like this PC to have some gaming capabilities and media capabilities for when i'm not running simulations or working on it. Though that is an important but secondary choice. Anyway I have a few requirements that i'll list below but I have some general considerations that I need to mention. I want to stick with Nvidia and Intel. I know AMD has great stuff but as far as computation is concerned AMD doesn't have the performance i'll be needing, unless someone can prove to me otherwise. CUDA is nice for computation from Nvidia and the per core performance of Intel as well as hyper threading will be invaluable for my work. In addition though price is not a huge consideration since this will be my work computer just please avoid things like the high level Xeons, Tesla Cards, and Dual Socket Motherboards. I will have a few thousand dollars to spend on this but a machine with those would immediately break that bank. EDIT: PRICE: Keep it under 5k please. I have more available but for the sake of keeping everyone else within budget please use this as a marker. Requirements - Stability and Reliability - High RAM amounts (MIN 32 GB would prefer more. simulations and solidworks will eat ram very quickly) - Drive 3 monitors comfortably one will be 1440p the others 1080p. - High Speed, reliability and Capacity Storage Options (not just SSDs i couldn't afford several terabytes of SSD arrays for calculations not when I need a good CPU and GPU(s)) - SSD boot and media Drive(s) - Heavy Parallelization - Visualization Technology - Motherboard Connectivity (USB 3.1 and Thunderbolt (thunderbolt is great for raw data transfers), Esata? (if that is still a standard)) - Good Gaming Performance - Lots of possible Expansion for anything I may need for work - CUDA Software Stuff - Dual Booting Linux/Windows - Good Inter-connectivity with Laptop/phone so i can check on simulations remotely Luxuries (Nice things) - Double Precision Floating Point Performance (I know that is a tesla card but if there is anything with good floating point performance that will greatly speed up simulations) - Great/Excellent Gaming Performance - Rendering capabilities for physics/math tutoring videos - Water cooling Expandability - Fits in Phanteks Evolv ATX - Overclocking Capabilities - Running small local game servers (I do host small LAN parties occasionally) - V/R ready (i have been wanting VR since i was a wee lad) Obviously Please stick to my requirements for parting out a basic build, if any of my luxuries get into the build then that would be excellent but that isn't essential. I just want a work computer that I can use for gaming and entertainment whenever i'm not running simulations or doing calculations. Please and thank you guys this will be my first high performance PC so I would like to get the best bang for my dollar at this price range. Obviously don't cut too many corners. Thanks everyone!