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Before that: please turn on night theme on ltt forums as there are white text involved here... Thanks! Synopsis you heard right, if you happen to have a standalone headset like the Oculus Go or maybe you have a Gear VR, mobile vr headset or a google cardboard with a headstrap/daydream lying around or you own a PSVR and you want to use it both on your PS4/5 and PC for example, you have come to the right place! Now I'm aware that the oculus quest 2 is a better solution for budget VR nowdays but such thing has existed for a long time and has been one of the cheapest methods to get into vr before the Rift S and the Quest was launched (and even when the windows mixed reality existed, it was still a good alternative to vr). but this is also a good alternative to those who dont like the "facebook" elements that mark put on the quest 2 or those who just want to use their PSVR on both their PC and their Playstation Console (starting from PS4). This (well hopefully) also helps with the "Reuse" on one of the 3 Rs for your old headset... "Ok but how do we get to do that?" you might be asking... Great question! Thanks to OpenVR Software like VRidge for example, it is possible to turn mobile vr headsets into a SteamVR HMD (Headmount) and use it that way and there are open source solutions too that serve this purpose too, for example PhoneVR here that it is available on github! PSVR is another story as there are more specific software for it to run like Trinus PSVR or iVry. The issue with this is that those are 3DoF (which means you have rotation only) and excluding solutions like Vridge which can use 3DoF controllers and a phone with gyroscope as controller or control your hands using your keyboard and mouse, you really dont have any controllers you can use, especially 6DoF ones. So sit back and see how can you make it happen! NOTE: What device you want to connect varies by different methods but the motion tracking setup process will work the same and the guide will use an application that works with every type of headset including PSVR and Daydream (alltho Daydream seems to have been discontinued so im not sure if I can mention it at this point) Step 0: Requirements In order to gain the 6DoF Experience, you need the followings: The following headsets: Mobile/Smartphone VR Headset (could be cardboard or daydream too) Oculus Go Gear VR PSVR A Quest (2) works too but this is unnecessary as oculus link exists A VR Kit called Nolo CV1: What is a Nolo CV1 and who is Nolo?: NoloVR (or "Nolo") is a chinese vr company that had one objective in mind: To be the first company to ever make a unique 6DoF VR Solution to work for Mobile VR headsets and more headsets that can't do 6DoF. Nolo CV1 is NoloVR's product that fullfills this purpose mentioned above, it includes all the stuff you need like the base station, the controllers and the Headset Marker (of course along with the cables that you need to get started and mounts). Where to buy: unfortunately those are available china only but here are the methods: BangGood (has the 4 meter steamvr cable according to the description) Giztop (this does not have the 4 meter SteamVR cable but it's at least cheaper even than the quest 2) BangGood is currently on sale at the time of writing but almost the same price of the quest 2 with shipping, but you can use the new user coupon if you register an account and get it for about 269 US dollars, which is really good! Both listings are in new condition! All links do not have affiliation codes or anything like that, see for yourself if you dont believe me... I bought mine on Giztop, and it was unfortunate that it did not come with the 4 meter SteamVR Cable that i wanted but Nolo is generously sending me one for free but i would really recommend you buy it from banggood so you can save nolo some trouble because as you know, sending/shipping items outside of china really does cost money (mostly not a lot but still) and it would be nice to do that for this sake, even if it is that they are willing to send one for free! But the kit overall works really well despite that! A well-capable VR Gaming PC but the minimum requirements are as follows: OS: 64-bit Windows 7 or Windows 10 CPU: Intel i7-4790 / AMD Ryzen 5 1600 RAM: 8GB GPU: According to NOLO: GTX 970 or 1050 / AMD Radeon R9 290 or RX 560 I'm running VR on the minimum specs and yes I normally shouldnt be but when it is configured properly, I have no problems with it! and at the very least, 1 USB Type-A port free (or 2) here's the picture for most of the requisites Step 1: Preparing and Pairing Chapter 1: Mounting and Pairing first take your headset or cardboard and then choose the right mount based on your headset that you are using, if it is a PSVR or an Oculus Go for example, you can use the two sided mount that you got in the box (shown in the second picture), if you have a smartphone headset like the cardboard, you must use the single sided mount shown in the below picture, when you decide the right mount, take off the red tape (shown with a red arrow in the second picture) then place it above it on the correct side of the headset (the way it should be placed is shown below), like for example here with my mobile vr headset in the below picture, if you have a cardboard or a mobile vr headset, make sure give space so you can open the cover to put your phone on or adjust your lens IPD After that, take your Headset marker, (the one with the ball on top, and has a hole below but it it is shown in the pictures below) and align it with the hole like shown below and fully insert it until it is tight and it cannot be taken off: when you are in the last picture, it means that the marker was fully inserted and ready to go! Now let's get into the pairing process, nolo has a great guide here so you can go there, pair it and come back here to continue within this guide. Please note that IF your headset marker, controllers and base station turns green after you turn them on for the first time, that means that everything was paired out of the box and no need to do this process. After you are done with the pairing, let's get into the software side of things and how to upgrade the firmware when there is one available Chapter 2: Software preparation and upgrading firmware Note that it is not necessary to start updating the firmware but it is recommended per say... Let's start by updating the firmware, first download Nolo HOME here or by going to Nolo's official website and then install it. Dont forget to install Steam and SteamVR too! Now for PSVR Users, there will be an driver installation wizard for psvr appearing as you install Nolo Home like this shown below: you can install the driver and use NOLO Home as the primary method for playing SteamVR but for this guide, we will just press Cancel and continue on with the installation for non-PSVR users, just press cancel, it is not necessary to install the driver! When the installation is done after that, Launch NOLO Home and you'll see this: Choose an option based on what device you have. If you have a PSVR, click Wired connection, if you have a mobile vr headset, gear vr or standalones like the oculus go, click Wireless connection. That step is normally not necessary as we are going to use a third party application and not nolo home for this guide but it is required by the software otherwise you cannot continue so i would say just choose whatever or choose as follows above. After you choose and click Next. You should be greeted with a little tutorial, just keep clicking next and skip the user guide by keep clicking next until you see Complete and click on it. After that you should be in here (after you choose wireless connection but that does not make a big of a difference for what we are going to do) Now click on the toolbox icon (or the nolo toolkit, shown below) and you should be greeted wiith different options. Now click Firmware Updater and then select Nolo CV1/CV1 Pro and follow the instructions shown on the Window. After you are done and the firmware of the devices are up to date, you can go ahead and uninstall NOLO Home if you want and or just dont and use that to connect your device but i do not recommend it as NOLO Home only uses wireless for Android Mobile, Oculus Go and more or move on from here: IF you are keeping NOLO Home and you are going to use the third party application as per the guide, then we have to do one thing. Launch SteamVR on Steam, go to the hamburger menu and click Settings. Click Show on Advanced settings section and then click MANAGE ADD-ONS and turn off nolo and alvr_server (mine is blocked but you should have the option to turn it off) as shown below: Exit/Close/Quit SteamVR after that. This is so that we prevent the drivers between nolo home and our third party software so it does not give us some unexpected issues or tries to run one driver to another altogether in which the driver facing the same devices and that causes issues like crashing SteamVR! Else IF you are willing to use NOLO Home instead, then click on User Guide on the nolo home software and actually follow the instructions and you can skip the pairing instructions and then click connect or start and go on your way to Playing VR Games. But again for this guide we will use a third party software. Just be aware that Nolo HOME isn't guranteed to work on your phone if you are using this device, while it is (was actually) being updated about every month, you should just keep that in mind... Now it's time for our next step which is running our third party software Step 2: Installing and Running the Third party software: Chapter 1: The third party software The third party driver software that we are going to use for this guide is called "iVry", it works with both your Phone, Mobile VR Headset, PSVR and Quest (alltho again for the quest just use the oculus link) and has built in drivers for Nolo CV1 out of the box, Fantastic! (this is the reason i was recommending you turn off nolo and alvr_server in steamvr settings at some point). This also has many good features like: H264, and H265 Encoding support for higher refresh rate and higher resolutions, support for wireless (wifi) and wired (usb) and also wired without usb tethering (as long as you turn on usb debugging, for iPhone users I cannot tell, I'm sorry)! On devices like Android, iOS, Oculus Go and more mobile devices (ah yes, did I mention that iVry works with iPhone too? Unlike Nolo HOME! I dont use an iPhone so this guide will be for android only, sorry iPhone users but the steps should be the same for you to get it up and running!) Multiple driver modes with both Direct and Virtual You can use your GearVR (or maybe Oculus go) 3DoF Controller as a Vive emulated one (but for this guide we will use the Nolo CV1 kit) very configurable and user friendly settings that you can configure within your phone, desktop (will be located on the tray in the taskbar and that opens a window settings for iVry) or if you have a nolo cv1, within SteamVR too! Don't worry tho, we will go within the settings and im going to try my best to explain what are each setting to make you understand. The good thing too is that the lite version has only one limitation which is when you are playing for a few minutes later or so, you will notice the color saturation slowly degrading, ending up with a black and grey color on your HMD (Headmount) Screen which means that you can at least still try iVry without being interrupted or having to worry about the time limit! After you feel like you are satisfied with it, give them a credit, pay the premium (this is on another discussion as there are multiple premium version for each devices) and you will have the limitation removed! if you are having issues, iVry has a subreddit, a steam discussions and an email so the community and iVry themselves are willing to help you if you have any issues with it (im active on the subreddit btw)! Now let's get it installing! Chapter 2: Installing and Running (Once you install Steam, registered an account, and you went to the store and searched for "SteamVR" and downloaded it, let's get iVry on your pc.) first go to the steam Store and search the term "iVry" then click on iVry Driver for SteamVR like this: After that, just go ahead and get the driver, it's free! Once you install it, you should be ready but not 100%! For PSVR Users, you have to download the downloadable contents too here: either try with lite first or pay the premium along with the original driver application installed too for both For the rest of the users, depending on your device there's diffferent ways that you can install it. For instance: If you are going to use your phone (or maybe your daydream), you must download and install iVry on the Google Play Store or App Store If you are using an Oculus Go or Gear VR (or maybe you want to use your quest but again just the use the oculus link for this), you must download and run the installer and follow the steps below accordingly where it says "Important" (and GearVR Section for GearVR users. Click Read More on the bottom left corner where it says "Important" to see them). For this guide, I already have iVry installed on the Google Play Store for my Android phone so we will go forward from here! Plug in your phone or mobile headset via USB (you can use any usb either type-c or micro usb depending on your device or the micro usb with a Type-C adapter on it in the SteamVR Cable) then the headset marker with either the Micro USB cable you received or the Micro USB port on the SteamVR cable (they should be labeled so you can understand which one is which) and then plug it in the two open Type-A USB ports of your computer. And then turn on your base station and both controllers (it is recommended you make sure they are charged decently too). If you want to use wireless and only have the headset marker only plugged, here are the following steps to take: 1. Launch iVry Driver for SteamVR if you havent, you dont need to have your phone plugged in but it might be recommended and then close steamvr once it launches. 2. Go to the destination to where steam is installed (in most cases "C:\Program Files (x86)\Steam") 3. Look for the "config" folder and then open steamvr.vrsettings file using Notepad or any other text editor you could probably be using 4. Scroll down until you find "driver_ivry:{", from there on the bottom, you will see a name called "address", That's where the IP Address is specified. Now normally iVry does detect ip address from your phone or headset if Wifi is on so when you disconnect the phone from the pc it will switch back to wireless, but since this is our first time trying to get it to connect that's required. 5. With the quotation marks set aside I think, Insert the IP address here of your device here (like this : "192.168.0.128" //example ip address), save it and you are good to go! I still do recommend you just launch it using USB wired because i dont gurantee that it will work well, especially when it will try to generate the Cardboard parameters on the configuration but yeah... for PSVR Users, download the contents as I mentioned above and plug it according to the diagram below: After you have plugged, installed and turned on everything, First launch iVry and NOT SteamVR and be patient as the driver setup automatically occurs (and do it accordingly*) and then iVry will launch SteamVR for you! (*For example here for the PSVR users, iVry explicitly says: ) After SteamVR launches when iVry configured all the drivers, you should see the nolo drivers and your headset being picked up immediately looking something like this: of course you can launch the app without the nolo kit if you just want to try it out first but remember that for this guide we are aiming for a 6DoF VR Experience... Now we finally ran it! But you should probably configure your settings before you start playing... Step 3: Configuring iVry After you are done with the plugging and installation and it is complete, let's start configuring our settings so we can have our best experience possible... FOR PSVR or Other specific Users, skip to Step 4 for when we launch SteamVR For this guide, we will show the options and help you configure them within the perspective of an android user (or maybe for iOS too)... The main settings for iVry on Android and/or iOS will have the following sections and it should be more or less the same for other mobile devices: Connectivity Perfomance Headset Tracking Audio SteamVR NOTE: Your mileage may vary on those settings or whenever you can access it depending on your device and you may see those slightly or significantly different! If you have the connectivity section or not, that section varies differently per device for instance in the android app we see those options: USB Tethering Settings redirects you to the mobile hotspot settings where you can turn on USB Tethering for iVry. Alternatively the Developer Options one does the same but it redirects you to the developer options so you can turn on USB Debugging so decide accordingly which one you want to use! Ok now let's get into the common ones: Perfomance section is where you configure your framerate, resolution, encoding, bitrate and tracking rate. It will look something like this: You should be able to tell the rest (framerate, resolution, encoding, bitrate) but unfortunately I am not aware what tracking rate can do but as far as I heard, I think it minimizes the "tracking drift" when you are turning your phone and stuff like that... What i would recommend is 90Hz on then Wireless and 120hz on thew wired which we will go about now but of course this can benefit in tracking one way or another. on the top left corner you should see the "Wireless (Wifi) Settings" or "Wired (USB) Settings" if you are already connecting your device, Click here and you should see both options i mnetioned before. That means that you can configure different settings on different connections. Now this must be adjusted to your comfort and to your liking... For instance in the perfomance, Here's how i have it configured for both wired and Wireless, you can have mine if you want to: I explicitly turned off auto adjust bitrate because there's an issue that for some reason, even using iVry wired, it will still switch the Encoding to JPEG and I dislike that alot so i have it turned off for that case, still your mileage may vary so you can still have it on if you want... Again those are examples i have done, you can adjust your perfomance settings to your liking! Next we have the Headset section, this option is a little more or less complicated so ill post a screenshot to what it looks like on me: For this explaination, we wiil have the Lens Distortion off as it gives many other options here with it, but all i can say is, it is customizable to any headset you can have and you can adjust it well for beter comfort, just give it a try and see what works for you! there are many options here unless lens distortion is off. In which we will explain this way. Renderer: Renderer is the option that you can choose the way your device will render as a Headmount, for Android devices and likely iPhones too, we have OpenGL which is the original renderer that it is used to display the image of your phone or "Headmount". and then the GoogleVR (Or Daydream if that's a thing) renderer is used for the cardboard(/daydream I think) lenses. Choose a renderer based on what's comfortable best and I think you wont see this in Mobile headsets like the Oculus Go but as I said before: Lens Distortion: basically "distors" the display to fit for some lenses that have that "zooming effect" fit with the specific lens you have, that's not it for my case so i tend to turn it off but when you turn it on, you see options like Scale to screen, which esentially scales the screen per eye based on the value is set, Image Circle for circular lenses and and Soft Vignette. Cardboard Viewer Profile: Tells your current Cardboard Viewer you are using, simple! Aligment Markers: are pretty useful depending on your headset, this is found on Android and iOS only as far as I can tell, it allows you to show small red lines so that you can align your phone with the headset properly so you can have iVry working, this is not needed in most cases but in some it should be useful for ya. Lock Orientation: Locks the rotation/orientation of the screen, again simple! Moving on to Tracking and Audio: Here's what it looks like on my android device: Google VR Tracking: allows you to utilize the Gyroscope of your phone for 3DoF rotation, but dont worry you can still utilize your Nolo CV1's tracking whenever you have turned it on or off so even a phone without a gyroscope will work as long as you have that... The last one should be pretty self explainatory. For Audio we just have Audio streaming, which should be straight forward. It streams the VR Audio back to your phone, for some reason this did not work on one of my devices however your mileage may vary! And finally we have the SteamVR section: Driver Mode has 2 modes: "Direct" and "Virtual", they both should be pretty explainatory and I recommend you keep direct mode over virtual as there are usually more benefits in terms of perfomance and consitency... Restore Defaults and Restart SteamVR are again pretty self explainatory! If you happen to not see any of the settings or just cant open it and everything, as I explained before for the last time: Now if you have configured iVry on your mobile device and it feels like up and running, let's continue! Of course take your time and configure your settings as properly as possible and even when your are running iVry! Step 4: Configuring iVry after launching SteamVR Now when you you are all ready, Start your Nolo CV1 devices, make sure they all light up green, plug in your phone and/or Headset Marker (make sure the marker lights up green too) with the appropriate cables and launch SteamVR or iVry itself! You should see this popup again after it launches You can click the notification or go in yout tray icons and find the iVry icon (shown below) and double click it: then multiple other settings are normally not presented in your mobile device should appear! Like this shown below again On SteamVR or In VR with the Nolo controllers, Press the system button and you should find the iVry icon here and it should look familiar. Perfomance has the same settings as we configured before but this is still useful if you want to adjust your resolution, bitrate or more while in SteamVR, tho you cannot adjust the tracking rate here Headset has the same settings too except lock orientation, this has to be turned on/off on your phone/mobile device. Tracking is where you can adjust your tracking rate along with what tracker to use, I recommend you use the default tracker if you are using Nolo, then we have the 2 same options we had before which is Google VR Tracking and Adjust tracking for orientation. The we have Apply head model which is optional, I'll keep it off as it isnt necessary for me and probabaly for you. Then we have NoloVR shown below: you can toggle the built in driver to use headset only, enable or disable it. In most cases I would still recommend you keep it on if you want to use your controllers and base station, if one of the controllers (or both) ran out of battery, you can use the headset only option and continue on like that but if the base station ran out of battery too, you can completely disable the built in driver and then reenable it when they are fully charged. Use Device Orientation should be self explainatory. Use Drift Correction allows it so that when you are rotating or turning around with your headset, It tried to prevent the tracking from drifting, I have had that happen almost alot and it's not so perfect but it's better than nothing! Of course NoloVR Controller icons and models just show the icons that you see on SteamVR Status and the model is when you see it inside SteamVR when you press the system button (and you have probably pressed it by now), the Disable Haptic Feedback should be self explainatory I hope. Audio has the same setting, which is to allow streaming it. SteamVR has the same option with the driver mode and then you will see the "Render Resolution", there you must adjust the render resolution accordingly so that your native resolution can be displayed. For example: My phone on Wired USB is set to 2192x1068, so in order to get that full resolution at least displayed enough, the render resolution for me is set at 2584x1232. After you are done with the options and you have configured them, you'll have to restart SteamVR for most changes to apply so go back to the main menu and click on the red button that says "Restart SteamVR" and then Click Ok Wait for it to restart and then try playing a VR Game, If you want me to recommend a free one, you can try VRChat, since the Udon release, not only can you hang out with others but you can now play a variety of games and the social game itself is free! Verdict/Conclusion: I hope this has teached you something about how accessible has VR Technology became over the couple of years and again I hope this serves any purpose for those folks like me who have a VR headset like mine lying around and/or (are) looking to reuse it or for those folks who have a PSVR and they have been looking for ways to use their PSVR on a PC! If I get a working phone, If you guys want ill try making a seperate guide using just Nolo HOME. And for those who are willing to use PSVR Controllers instead because they have them lying around or they use them on their PSVR, It is possible to do that but I just do not own one of these, im not going to force you or anyone but you can dm me if you are willing to send me PSVR Controllers (maybe spare ones preferably) for a guide on how to get them working on your PC and I'll try my best (preferably the controllers with the Ball LEDs). I'm not looking for too much attention at all for writing this paragraph but this is my first guide and it took almost a week and a half to finish so I hope the effort pays off and doesnt get removed and English isn't my first language (of course if any moderator wants me to remove some of the lines here, let me know.) Contributions are welcome, again this guide has been written for almost a week and a a half from now so there may be a lot of spelling or grammatical errors that I have missed, of course it would be nice if you mention me that you spotted any mistakes around. Feedback and Questions about the guide are also welcome too so I can ensure this guide is as clean as possible and try to solve any user concerns! Video portion on YouTube is coming soon I hope, so the technical stuff can be understood easier, it wont be great I think but again effort pays off. That's all I have to say for the Verdict/Conclusion, hope to talk with you! -Gorujo

A list of guides I posted somewhere on the site, just in case I post more than the 10 URL limit for profiles (plus that'd get wild anyway) A guide to how to identify if you have a CPU bottleneck and see how much it can affect you. An explanation on HyperThreading. It also answers the question "Why is it bad to have no page file?" Not really a guide, but might be helpful Not something I wrote, but I think it's useful to share in this post:

Hey everyone! What guides should I look upon to learn pc building? Something detailed, step by step through every process. It can be in any format; books, videos, etc...

So guys here's the thing, I am a beginner in After Effects and know the basics of it and I want to create a Windows 10's Ribbon screensaver style effect in After Effect. Can anyone teach me how to do so or tell me the tools and steps at least??

Okay, building. apc isn't as hard as it sounds, if you know what you want/need. • First ask: What do i need it for - Well, if gaming, rendering, and or streaming, youll need a graphics card, if not doing these things, integrated will do, and if youre not needing a graphics card, going lower specs and a linux os may be good cause you get browsing speed, but a little less compatability so more research is needed if you wanna save a bit, and hunt down some open source or apps. - What os do you want? - Some form factor stuff well, if going windows, and low basic stuff, would need slightly mid-low range dtuff. maybe a used or pre built laptop would be better, but go mid specs, at least 4 cores @ 1.5ghz or better. i have a 1.1ghz quadcore linux laptop that originally came with win 10. 10 was MUCH slower. or if prefiring to not need to look stuff up a lot. i realise this is a build guide, but if not thinging youll ever need more graphics power down the line, laptop is better, if you need firepower and or want possibility to upgrade down the line, desktop form factor is better, • Tech Tip: If old laptop just needs little more speed, upgrade ram, or to an ssd first. can help if bugget, and only little more speed is issue, boot time especially. •Tech Tip 2: the easier linux distros i'd recommend are Mint, Ubuntu, Debian, Or maybe minjaro. the last i havent tried personally. if you wanna see the oses before making a jump, Virtual Machines can help, As well as Rufus usb creator if you wanna install a linux version and make the usb an installer on windows. Duelboot lets you have two oses (2 linux, or one. win, one lin) easy but once you make partitions (Harddrives within your hard drive) They. Are. LOCKED. Vms are easy to kill if exploring. would recommend virtual box. easy enough to set up. • Why i recommended these as begenner distros, debian is more Graphical User Interface(GUI) based than some other linuxes. ubuntu has multiple versions so its known. - Mint: Win7 looking -Ubuntu: Easy like win, but little harder - Debian - other teo are based off it. • And windows... As we all know... 10 or no microsoft support. • Where do i start? - okay, you can choose... only desktop unless you wanna sauder a "frankenboard" from old pcs but that is beyond this guide. you'd wanna be a pro if you even tried, and be good at saudering. • Cores or speed? my answer: Back to begenning, what do u need? Cores: More cores, more things at once, if streaming a game and playing, you want these. Speed: If gaming only, or doing one thing with light music player (some are heavier than others, Spotify is heavy in my celeron expirence, Pithos is lighter.) More heavy stuff at once, you want more "guys" (cores) to lift it right? go cores dome light, and medium to one-ish heavy? "running shoes!" speed wins here okay with that? good, lets go! knowing what you need, pick a cpu. amd or intel, see whats in buget, adsuming you chose os already. -intel itd in pre-builts a lot, but more speed oriented in dome cases -amd sometimes cheaper, but more core oriented on high end • Motherboard - Linux Note: do research, see if that board has a good linux compatability, and look up if support is good. ive run into issues with apci on my own build, still cant install os. - Look up your cpu socket, and pick a board, do research. my phone is dying right now, but i will finish this guide later, SnowArch the linux gamer out for now. • Ram and Storage (AKA) Short term memory, and Long Term momory - RAM First, lets discuss it. some of y'all already know, Random Access Memory(RAM) is used for holding tomporary files, not enough can bottleneck high setting games, well bottleneck if something else doesn't. The general rule of thumb is 4 Gigs for struggling win10(Youll lag) but 8 is breathing in a small room, enough for most linux distros, and windows. if you love google chrome browser, not too many tabs on 4gb ram it eats it. so in general 8gb or more is good if not high end gaming. Tabs, and small temporary files in games that add up, especially with shaders (ie minecraft shaders) so at least 8gb. • Tech Tip- most boards come with 2-4 ram slots, and ram sticks come in 2,4,8,16, and 32 gb sticks. unless you overclock, the default ram speed is around 2133 speed, so if you buy a higher speed, you'll end up overclocking in some way. -Know. Your. DDR. Theres ddr3, Ddr4, currrently, and diffrent forms of it for laptops. the hole is in diffrent places for ddr4, and ddr3 desktop version. laptop ddr4, and laptop ddr4 are diffrent so do research if laptop ram upgrading, and check you have enough slots, and or the right size for hoe much ram you want. • SSd-Brick, Ssd-stick, or hhd? Well... Again, depends on need. -HHD cheaper, and slower than an ssd, external ones of these are used for backups, but if youre gonna play low specs games like searching, or You just need a lot of space for photos or else, good idea. . -rbrck Fast boot time, and helps with gaming modestly interms of lag if HHD is slowing you down, you need sata ports per these. heard is a common thing to use hhd for storage, and ssd for system (boot files) and or gaming. i have never done this personally, but have heard of the duel setup. - Stick? Well, i do not know much about this, but they use m.2 ports and work like ssds sometimes faster, but most expendive per gig kind. may wanna use this if frankenstein board is an idea for you, or if you just "want the best". • Cooling... Water or Air? Well, this could spart oppenion debates here, so ill be as basic as possible. If you're a major overclocker, Water may be nice, especially a custom loop, but much more work! air is good if normal clocking, but read cooler reviews. a cooler may be good air wise, but not as good as it could be so read reviews, fan speed descriptions, and fan size. Loud fans may be faster but cooler, quioter fans may be less. I don't know much on water cooling so cannot say much. if someone can say unbias, i may add in the guide. Tech Tip: Read reviews, make sure the socket type is compatable, and not a bad mounting system in reviews. a good cooler, and replaced fams is better than a bad one with good stock. • Case Theres 4 motherboard sizes of desktop, make sure the case is the right size for your board, and that there is enough space for your graphics card, and cooler. the sizes of board are ITX, ATX, LTX, and MITX. The ATX is the largest and can fit in mid, or fill tower. Really concider cooler, and graphics card size on this! • Graphics Card This depends on a lot.... Do you want rtx? currently an nvdia 20x0 series thing, goin amd? Well i don't know much. search for an online gpu hiarchy, and mske sure the driver is supported well by os, and version. W10 updated break things sometimes. • PSU (Power Supply Unit) Calculate your wattage if you're at this step, and went in order. your graphics card matters too, so concider that when reading the rest. Pcs, they literally only use what they need. you have a 300 watt psu in a pc, put in 1000 watter, will still use 300, but more if the psu was bottlenecking. - Bottlenecking is when the weakest part in a build causes it to go slow. so in psu case, if it was running slow after being on, the components were cool, tempeture, well maybe your graphics card upgrade is simply eating more power or goin into power saving mode. thats the only time it'd use more. look up recommended power consumption or use a calculator on line to help you choose. better higher, or a little over than not enough. • Extra -Wifi comes with some boards, others it doesn't and requires lan. concider, this, and how many ports are needed when buying a board. you may need 4 usbs (or less if extender) if pc is for couch gaming for example. -Rgb versions of stuff is pretty, but the same part's rgb version can be more expensive, concider when on budget. • Rap-Up - well, you have all your parts, did your research, now connect the dots! most cables will tell you where they go in the motherboard manual, can usually find a pdf of the board manual if you have it. make sure the connections are in tight enough, or it may not turn on. - Happy Building • Screen? One thing i should mention, if its concidered an oppenion, please tell me, and out of the guide it goes, thats why its below rapup. - if it has monitor in the title, you can get a tv at a bigger size in most cases same price both use hdmi. Monitors overly expensive. diffrence between this and a same size tv? so, unless you want refresh rate, not too much worry. Monitor -Higher refresh rate, More expensive. Tv -lower rate of refresh less for same size.

Hi! So i started php today, and im doing some exercises atm, and i wonder how can i do php calculator for user input, like <?php $value1 = $_POST['production']; $value2 = $_POST['amount']; $value3 = $_POST['price']; echo $value1 + $value2 + $value3); ?> i did research for 2 hours and i didnt find anything related to this

Hi Guys, I've had the game for a while now but haven't been on for quite a long time. In the interim I've managed to forget just about everything I learned. Are there any decent guides out there? I went in game, managed to call up a ship, flew it around, poorly, and managed to knock off a wing. It's now sitting on a pad and I have no idea how to get it fixed, or to do missions, or to get the damn thing started even. Dumb luck the first time, mashed a handful of keys and I was off! Any direction to some guides would be appreciated. Thanks

Hello fellow comrades, As of recent, I am purchasing the parts to my pc and was wondering what is the most user-friendly version of linux? And with that version of linux, could you link me up with guides explaining how to navigate, and other useful information. Thanks for taking your time to read my post. Vielen Dank!

*My guides or reference materials will be kept as "work in progress" forever as I intend to keep on improving and updating them as long as I am able. There are so many things to cover and I have to search again on some great stuff I have used to help others over the years. Let me start off by saying, whether you're interested in photography, cinematography, or even just recording sound: While having high quality expensive gear would be nice, don't let the lack of having such gear stop you from being creative. As you progress, gain experience, you will learn to understand what your gear is capable of doing and what its limitations are. With that you will learn to figure out where you need to upgrade or replace to improve without going out and buying an entirely new set of more expensive gear. Note: some of the links I post will have a number next to them in brackets. This indicates that there are more than one good explanations or methods to do certain things. Ok while my other guide on helping beginners choose between a DSLR/Mirrorless camera and a proper video camera, I thought I'd start another thread where I post links and videos on topics that people who are interesting in making videos or improving their photography skills should know. If you have links to guides, videos, etc. that you believe will provide knowledge to budding film makers, and to photographers too because there are some overlapping of knowledge, feel free to share them. As this guide is intended for beginners I will cover mainly the basic concepts. For more advanced or technical concepts, I will try to cover them as a Q&A. I also doubt if I will cover everything here, such as color correction, different settings for your speedlights, setting exposures, operating your camera, and so on. I am intending this guide to act as a primer to help beginners improve upon some of the very basic stuff they should know. Feel free to suggest topics you think I should cover, but I withhold the right to decide whether they get added or not. Guides Aspect Ratio/Cropping Choosing a good aspect ration for your video, different genres of film or different storylines of film may require the use of different aspect ratio. 16:9 is not always the best choice to use, as this video will explain. Aspect ratio: which should you choose Perspective Understanding perspective when choosing a lens or selecting a focal length to use. The Dolly zoom, sometimes referred to as the Hitchcock zoom/effect, is a pretty good way of explaining to you what happens to your photo or video's perspective when you select a focal length to use or change focal lengths during filming. As a film technique, it is great when used appropriately, but it should not be used all the time. For photographers, observing the effects of the technique will show you the differences between using a wide angle lens and a telephoto lens. Dolly Zoom Wide angle vs Telephoto Tips for posing your subject(s) I saw these videos yesterday, created by a wedding photographer named Lexia Frank, and her videos give you quick and easy to understand explanations of how to tell your subject to pose for you in front of the camera. Now while they apply mostly to photography, some of what her tips can be used in video. Lexia Frank's YT channel More posing tips Rules KISS, always use KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid) Rule of thirds, the important thing is why the rule works, not what the rule is Other topics Understanding Hypefocal distance and online calculator Understanding ISO & Film Speed What is Bokeh? Long exposure photography (1) Infrared Photography Astrophotography (1) Astrophotography (2) Frequency Separation Technique for retouching portraits, I really recommend this technique over other techniques to retouch a portrait. It's more realistic looking than what fashion magazines use. Light modifiers guide (1) Camera lens filters, choosing a lens filter and understanding polarizing filters Gear and accessories Video Gear Guide for DLSR/Mirrorless shooters I'll also make a list of gear and accessories later, as a starter for beginners. The following are the basic gear you will need, and I will expand on each and provide tips on choosing the right one. Camera, for this you can read my guide about DSLR/Mirrorless cameras and video cameras. This will help you make a decision on which type of camera to get if you want to shoot video. For photos, 80% of the cameras these days are good. Or just let us know your requirements and we will help you find the right camera for you. Lens (for interchangeable lens cameras, both photo and video). As long as you have a lens or set of lenses that cover the 24mm to 200mm focal length range (35mm equivalent), you are set for 95% of your needs. The additional items mentioned below are for videographers. Audio recording Built in microphones do not record clean audio. Especially those built into DSLR/Mirrorless camera bodies that have moving parts (reflex mirror, shutter). Some are even sensitive enough to pick up the noise of the AF and IS system in the lenses. Hence using an external microphone attached to the camera or an external recorder is recommended. Your basic camera setup should have at least 1 external microphone (e.g. Rode Video Mic) or a recorder (e.g. Zoom H1). The advantage of an external microphone is that it is either off camera or mounted on camera with a mount that is designed to reduce vibrations. The disadvantage, audio amps in DSLRs, mirrorless cameras and consumer camcorders tend to be limited. External recorders can be mounted to a camera using a variety of mounts (hotshoe adapters, mini arms, etc). Higher end recorders come with multi channel recording capability and support for a variety of inputs. External records such as the Tascam DR-100 or DR-60D, or the Zoom H4n have high quality audio amps built in and are able to provide phantom power to external microphones that require them. While a person on a budget may consider a low cost video mic or recorder I would recommend that if budget is not a major factor in your purchasing you should get the Tascam DR-100. Why? Dual battery support (it comes with a Li-Ion battery pack and you can also use 2x AA batteries) The two directional mics in front are very sensitive, it also comes with support for 2x XLR connections. It has a line out port and a headphone port for monitoring audio. This way you can use a line out cable to feed audio to your camera, while recording on the DR-100's memory card at the same time. You use the audio track in camera for syncing with the better audio recorded by the DR-100. The same can be done with the Zoom H4n, however the two mics on the H4n are not aimed straight forward. They can be rotated to provide a 90 degree or 120 degree coverage. Additional microphones that videographers should invest in: Shotgun mic (e.g. Rode NTG2), and perhaps a boom stick for the times when the audio source is a distance away from the camera. Wireless lavalier microphones (e.g. Sennheisers), useful when doing interviews. I personally recommend that you have at least two lavalier sets. Wireless lavs are better when you are working alone and don't have an assistant to hold a boom mic. Other accessories you need will be wind covers and dead cat wind muffs, they are very useful for outdoor recording and can reduce ambient and background noise. Tripod and tripod heads If you want to keep your camera stable, safe, and the camera is going to stay in one place then invest in a good sturdy tripod. Do not buy those cheap flimsy aluminum ones sold in a general department store. You don't have to invest in an expensive Manfrotto or Gitzo, you can go for ebay brands such as Benro which are pretty good. However, before you buy the tripod make sure it is solid enough to support the way of your camera and accessories. (Tip: always add a few extra kilos to your gear's weight to be on the safe side.) Also do not forget to make sure that it can support the tripod head you choose. You do not want a small tripod for a large tripod head. Now for tripod heads, the type of head you choose will depend whether you are a photographer or videographer. There are a variety of tripod head systems for photographers. I generally prefer a ballhead with friction control and Arca-Swiss style quick release system but perhaps if you enjoy macro photography you want to get a geared head, or for those who do panoramas get a pano head. For videographers, you want a fluid video tripod head with a good handle. You want something solid, able to hold the weight of your gear and has a counter balance system that will help keep things stable. The Manfrotto 502HD is a good video tripod head. I also recommend that people avoid getting tripods with a geared central column system. A good tripod and tripod head will last you years. You can also invest in a monopod, however keep in mind you need to keep a hold of them. Unlike tripods they are not meant for hands free use, nor do they provide the very solid stability of a tripod. Monopods are ideal for people who move around with their camera a lot, such as hikers who like to photograph. And they rarely are ideal for videographers, though a long monopod can be used to film from a high angle. Camera rig (for video) Whether you are using a tripod, or want to shoulder mount your camera, or hold the camera in other ways you will need a good rig for the camera and accessories. Especially for videographers with a DSLR/Mirrorless camera and need to attach microphones, audio recorders, field monitors and other accessories. A basic rig for the camera should have a mounting plate and support for two 15mm rods. A better rig will allow you to quickly switch from tripod to shoulder mount and vice versa. You will need several attachment points, either mounted to the rods or as part of the rig's skeleton for mounting accessories (mainly for DSLR/Mirrorless camera users). Focusing systems When recording video, unless you are doing home/family/vacation videos and do not have time to carry around all the extra gear, I always recommend that you disable the auto focus and learn to use manual focusing properly. AF systems do not know what you want to focus and how you want the focus to change throughout your filming. Also, I recommend that you invest in a follow focus system as turning the focus ring on the lens with your hands can introduce instability in your recording. A good follow focus will be adjustable to fit a variety of lens sizes, will operate smoothly and will mount onto the 15mm rods. With focusing comes the issue of know if you are focusing properly. Optical and electronic viewfinders in cameras, while they generally have an indicator of some sort that tells you of something is in focus or not, rely on the focus points of the AF system in your camera. They are also too small to see if you are focusing properly when pulling focus throughout the scene. The back or side LCD on your camera is a better option, however even the largest screen on a DSLR/Mirrorless camera is only a few inches in size. And rarely do DSLR/Mirrorless cameras for video include helpful features for videographers. Using a viewfinder loupe that mounts on the LCD can be a bit more helpful. However, unless you are using a proper video camera (most video cameras have LCD displays that show focus peaking), I recommend that you invest in a good field monitor that can be mounted to your rig and can utilize the clean output of your camera. A good field monitor should have the following features Focus peaking to assist your focus pulling False color display to show your exposure levels Guidelines to help you frame your scenes for different aspect ratios Filters While modern digital cameras allow you to control the shutter speed, video recording frame rate, ISO and aperture settings, having and using filters in front of your lenses is still essential. For two reasons Your camera settings may have a limited range. Changing shutter speed, ISO and aperture can change the recorded image in ways you don't want. Two basic types of filters that photographers and videographers should invest in Neutral Density filters (ND), they can help reduce the amount of light reaching the sensor. Soft, Hard and Reverse edge Gradient Neutral Density filters, especially useful when part of the scene contains extreme shadows or highlights. ND gradient filters can help ameliorate bad lighting conditions or limited dynamic range capability of your sensor. Other filters you can use are color filters, circular polarizers and infrared filters. Take care when using such filters. I generally do not recommend them for videographers. Polarizers and IR filters can be very useful for photographers who know how to use them. Dolly, sliders, accessories that help you add motion to your shots Lights Other accessories The main thing is DO NOT SKIMP out investing in good gear and accessories. Workflow I will only post links to various workflow guides for software that I have experience with. The reason being, while anyone who is familiar with the software can make a workflow guide, if I am not familiar with the software I wouldn't trust myself to judge if the guide is good or someone is just trying to push how they do things which may not always be the optimal method. Mastering Adobe Lightroom: Basic Post Processing workflow Another Lightroom and Photoshop workflow Adobe Premiere Pro workflow for DSLR Working as a professional Here I will cover some aspects of what will be involved when you want to work as a professional. Either for yourself, a freelancer that offers services for agencies, or a contracted professional. Recording video for your use, either for personal stuff like family/holiday videos or even for your own Youtube tech channel like Linus, it's easy to do. You define your own requirements. However when you record footage for someone else to use, that's where you have to talk to the other party and ask them how they want things. You can't always choose what you want to do, they may tell you they need the video format in ProRes but your camera only records H.264 and they may or may not accept a converted video, what will you do? I can already give you an example of what you may be required to do when you are working either as a freelancer or contracted professional for an agency that has their own requirements. This is the document given to all freelancers and producers who record footage for an agency where I sometimes work freelance. (ILO_technical_note_for_producers_ENGLISH2015.doc) BBC's guidelines are another example. TIP: If you get hired to work for a client that requires you to record video in 4K but they only have the capacity to handle Standard Definition (SD) video, tell them they are being foolish. Politely of course. External resources No Film School Cheesy Cam Philip Bloom's blog Vimeo film school Video Copilot After Effects tutorials Joe Mcnally's blog Photography Life Cambridge in Colour NorthLight Images, great site for learning about color management and printing Filmmaker IQ Youtube Channel Tutorials for Premiere Pro Understanding some technical jargons when it comes to cameras and photography More tutorials Fstoppers Adobe TV Timescapes I just saw this Behind the Scene video by Vincent Laforet, where he along with two sound guys give a brief talk about capturing audio. Thought I share it here. Film looks Sound recording List of YouTube Channels to follow or just explore. Feel free to suggest more and I will add them to the list, if I think they provide actual useful guidance or knowledge. So that means NO FroKnowsPhoto. I don't want too many "gear review" or "gear is more important than creativity/vision" type of channels. Keep in mind that not all the videos in each channel will be relevant or add to your knowledge. Some channels have mixed content, so while I may put them in one group there are videos that relate to the other group too. Disclaimer: There are so many, I don't even remember all of them at the top of my head so this list will certainly grow. For cinematography (including channels that deal with recording sound) Filmmaker IQ Basic Filmmaker Indy Mogul Every Frame a Painting Channel Criswell Tom Antos Ty Ford Curtis Judd (great tips for recording sound here and audio equipment reviews) Griffin Hammond DSLR Guide Film Riot No Film School RODE Microphones (now most of their channel is obviously about their mics, but they do have some nice videos that look at behind the scenes stuff when it comes to recording sound and the concepts can be applied to non-Rode mics) Signature Sound Studio Rocket Jump Film School For photography: Craft and Vision B&H Adorama The Camera Store (they also have videos that relate to cinematography) Phlearn Fstoppers Karl Taylor Joe McNally and Scott Kelby (while a lot of their good stuff are behind a paywall, they do have some nice stuff in their free channels) Lovegrove Photography (be warned: he has some video on boudoir photography so it may not be entirely safe for work) Matt Granger Other resources: Museum of Modern Art offers online photography course

I get really confused when it comes to motherboards, because they come with so many features. So I decided to post here to get some helpful feedback about which motherboards are said to be the best for gamers. My final verdict is a debate between the Asus ROG Maximus VIII Hero and the MSI X99A gaming 7 ATX. I created 2 builds on PC part picker. Which one would be the better option? Maybe even there is a 3rd option I'm unaware of. Any advice is welcome Asus - http://pcpartpicker.com/p/cwmmMp MSI - http://pcpartpicker.com/p/WtYLmG The price point seems very similar even though the Asus seems to be using the 6th generation Intel Skylake. I don't quite understand that.

hello !, im new here so be gentle.... this is my first build and i need a bit of help i want this machine to be a high end gaming pc, 1080p on a large tv, no triple displays or 4k or 5k monitors but maybe an option for the future. ive complied a lit of parts on pc part picker and want to know should i make any changes, http://au.pcpartpicker.com/p/Mz4ppg this is a purposed build, nothing bought until I know for sure. i havent added the fans in the list but i was thinking corsairs haf fans. any advice would help a lot cheers conor

I thought I might make a buyer's guide to put in my signature to help out newbies. I would like this to get into the guides catalog but I don't think that'll happen. Warning, this thing is about 2000 words long. CPU: Is it overclockable? Will it bottleneck your GPU? Explanation: Does it have hyper-threading? Explanation: How many cores does it have? Explanation: The only other thing you should look for is just raw performance, is it overkill? Or is it not good enough? Cooling: MOTHERBOARD: MEMORY (RAM): STORAGE: GPU PSU: CASE: MONITOR:

A while back, I got my hands on a Dell 3008WFP monitor (Which I love), but the only computer I own is a Macbook pro (Musician's life...). Apple being Apple, they don't have native support for Dell monitors. So the monitor only worked on DVI-D at 1600x1000, with the max resolution for the monitor being 2560x1600. I worked on finding a way to add resolutions without using switchresx, and found a way to do it! As the poll says, let me know if you want me to do a tutorial for it!

Hi, So I'm getting a brand-spanking-new R9 280 soon, and I was wondering if there is any special way to install it (maybe not physically, but driver-wise or something) if I already have an APU in the system (AMD A10-5800K). I'd like to take the graphics load off the apu if possible, not run them in crossfire or anything. Just wondering, thanks!

Hey guys, I recently set up a FreeNAS file server at my home. I'm at work. SSH is enabled and I can log into the file server from anywhere with the SSH program Putty. SSH works fine and everything. I just don't know how to use it. It doesn't have a GUI, so I'm kind of lost beyond that. However, I'm a noob when it comes to the shell and that's all I have to use for this. Where could I find a guide to commands to use in the shell for this particular purpose? For example, I want to be able to see all the files in the folder I'm in on the NAS. I want to be able to copy/cut/move files to and from the NAS over SSH if that's possible. Also, what is a VPN and how could I use that for this same purpose? GUI's are just more friendly (particularly for other users besides myself), but I'm very open to learning about the shell. Thanks, Vitalius. P.S. @alpenwasser I was told to ask you as you use SSH.

Hey guys, I am interested in Cinematography and want to be able to shoot some good short films on Ideas I have and eventually go to a film school and get into the profession. I have been studying VFX under a professional but I know nothing about lighting and how the footage is shot and how to get good camera angles and lighting in a shot. I was hoping you guys knew of any good guides books or tutorials where I could study how to get good lighting and how to get a good shot of what I am visualizing in my head... Just so that I can do some short films and get an idea of how it would be done before I go join a film school which might be in about a year or so since currently I am studying VFX. Any guides/tutorials/books that would help me get started and progress into more complex stuff and getting into proper Cinematography. Thanks guys.