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Why cpu and other chips are always square/rectangular, and cpu wafer is in shape of circle ?why

Hey there, need some help here. The relevant PC specs are below: Ryzen 5600G MSI B450M-A-PRO 16GB Corsair Vengeance 3600mhz 1TB Team MP33 NVME (Windows 11 64 bit main boot drive) 256GB Apacer SSD (Windows 10 32 bit secondary boot drive) 1TB HDD 500W CM Power Supply So long story short my colleague's old Acer M1975 PC dies so got a new system with above specs for him built. It runs fine as expected on the Windows 11 main boot drive. The problems start cropping up however when trying to install the second boot system. Due to software limitation on our Accounting Ledger software (Advance Revelation 3.0) it only supports 32 bit operating systems. First tried to clean install windows 7 32 bit, that didn't work, the motherboard or whatever just refused to install. Resorted to pulling old drive and plugging it in, managed to boot but no keyboard anything. Managed to get a PS2 KB/M to get into the system but can't do anything much (already copied over the files with a USB Sata adapter previously). Windows 10 32 bit wouldn't install either. Resorted to installing Windows 10 32bit on an older disused PC and plug the drive to the new PC, almost everything works now. However right now facing with driver issues in regards to the Chipset. This is my fault I suppose for not doing more research on motherboard chipset support but there simply isn't any drivers available for the B450M chipset for 32bit windows 10. This is a bit mind boggling for me, I know Win 7 and 10 are on the way out but I'm pretty sure many businesses still rely on these for day to day operations especially those running legacy software like us. Was wondering if anyone here has any solutions to that, whether it be compatoble drivers from other manufacturers or modified chipset drivers. Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks.

i need help my mother board a h410m-b pro has h510 chipset sound strange the b version does that but msi has 400 series drivers on the website

Should you always avoid them entirely so you don't suffer decision fatigue and from a higher chance of choosing an awful product? Or were they worthwhile at all (past the 386, where they were needed)? I am more on the side of staying far, far, far away from them just to make choosing motherboards easier.

Hello everyone, I've just upgraded my rig and mounted it on a wall using just plain chassis (not a closed case). The temperatures seem fine...well since I've upgraded to Ryzen 7600 the temps are anything but fine, but nevermind the CPU. I fear the most for the chipset since there is no air flow except for the few times when PSU starts blowing its hot air over it. I've noticed that the chipsets ''heatsink'' is (in my opinion) hot to touch, but HWiNFO64 is telling me that it is not. Except for the mysterious T0 temperature (mind that all this is in idle). I've searched and googled and haven't found satisfying answer to what the T0 should be measuring nor at what temperature range should be the chipset running. Sadly I do not have thermal camera or any other external measuring device to check it with. What is this T0? How careful should I be with this open rig regarding temperatures?

I can buy non-K Intel 12th gen CPU now but only overpriced Z690 motherboards are available. What is the logic in this? What is the point in releasing budget friendly CPU if you have to buy stupidly expensive overclocking motherboard to use it?

So just built a new computer and everything fires up but no output and I've tried known working ram and GPU. My guess now is that it's the motherboard, so either doesn't work or it's an x570 that's not updated to Ryzen 5000. I wanna rule out the update issue first if possible does anyone know how I could do it, I only have a Ryzen 5600x and 1600x to hand. Could also be the 5600x but that was brand new so assuming it's more likely the motherboard

I've never exactly built a PC for myself. I've helped a lotta friends and I'm their tech support guy, But I for some weird reason I only have a prebuilt bought over 7 years ago. for about 100$. so the hardware was not made to last and the PSU is making a hella lotta noise. I've cleaned it, opened it up, somehow stayed alive by not touching it,just vaccumming it. Now I'm in the market for a new rig, from scratch. I'm leaning towards a 3070. seems perfect for a mid range machine and my local vendor is scalping for only 10% above MSRP (Why only 10% you ask? I'm in a third world country and I swear the amount of GPU's I've seen, You bet your bottom dollar most came here. But now there is a competition within scalpers. I've never shit as funny as this. Online, fighting for a GPU and here I have so many options. Some were selling below MSRP, and said they were bulk orders. I'm not going to trust that tho ) Ryzen 5600 looks hella good but I'm willing to wait until zen 4 launch to snag it at lower prices. But here's the thing. I have no intention of future proofing any part of this, other than the GPU and PSU. ( ddr5, zen4, PCIE gen5 and am5 had to come right now. ) But the motherboard is a problem. I do NOT want to spend on ryzen 3000 and be 2 generations behind at the beginning. I'm hell bent on ryzen 5000 see I have no issue in using an older chipset mobo(b450 etc). Much cheaper for no performance gains. ( dont give a hang about IO, PCIE gen 4 etc ) (before you say PCIE gen 4 is FPS, I'm going to sell this off within a year or two for a better one. so no, PCIE is not that of a big deal) But those older chipset mobos need a bios update. The only ones who don't have bios flashback, which is a premium feature at this point and the mobos who have flashback are as expensive as b550 anyway. I don't have a problem in buying b550 mobos, but am5 breaks physical compatibility and I cannot live with that. SO I present to you - Should I buy an older chipset mobo, but premium models with flashback for a few bucks of gain, (remember, Any money saved is better for me ) OR Should I buy a newer b550 mobo and live with the fact that it is paperweight within a few years.?

Hello! I'm specing out a build with a Ryzen 5900X and currently trying to find out what X570 motherboards support a 0 RPM mode on their chipset fans. The only source I have for this even being possible is this youtube video at 1:37 where she says that only Gigabyte and MSI offer that feature. I'm currently deciding between the ASUS Prime X570-Pro and the GIGABYTE X570 AORUS Pro Gigabyte mentions "Fan Stop" on the website but I get the feeling that it does not include the chipset fan. https://www.gigabyte.com/Motherboard/X570-AORUS-PRO-rev-10#kf Does one of you have either of these boards and can check if there's an option for it in the bios? Alternatively, can you give me info on other boards that have it? Other manufacturers might have enabled this with a bios update by now but I have no way of confirming that without buying the board. Thanks for any help!

Budget (including currency): $500 Country: USA Games, programs or workloads that it will be used for: Miscellaneous low to mid level gaming on the go(CS:GO, Dark Souls remastered, Skyrim, Hollow Knight, etc. @ low - mid graphics) Other details (existing parts lists, whether any peripherals are needed, what you're upgrading from, when you're going to buy, what resolution and refresh rate you want to play at, etc): -Lenovo Think Pad E490(20N8 006TUS) -*upgrade* 16gb (2x8GB ddr4 2666MHz)----Originally 4GB 1x4GBddr4 2666MHz -*upgrade* Crucial MX500 2TB 3D NAND SATA 2.5 inch SSD----Originally stock 2.5in 7200 rpm 500GB HDD -*upgrade* Externally mounted msi GTX 970 via *[NGFF Version] V8.0 EXP GDC Laptop External Independent Video Card Dock*-----versus onboard graphics -The reason no m.2 SSD is because the NGFF EXP GDC will use the only slot. however I may change using the m.2 slot to using the onboard Wi-Fi adapter slot, in which I will then get a Crucial m.2 SSD To start: Since I want to use this as my "portable" gaming rig when I travel, I want to upgrade the CPU,HDD to SSD, More RAM, and add an external GPU. (from my current desktop when I finally am able to afford an upgrade) With my Think Pad, I know it wasn't meant to be a gaming rig, but through a few hours of my own research, I have found that other CPUs should be able to fit the motherboard CPU socket.Namely, the i7-10810U should fit the socket on my current motherboard. The EXP GDC, I am confident I can get to work myself. -(Just another PSU, the included connectors, driver installation and GPU settings, and a makeshift stand/case so its not floppy floppy everywhere and breaks.) Now to the meat and potatoes of my query. One question I am not able to find info on is whether the CPU is soldered to the board (which I would then have to give up this whole venture) or if it is in fact on an open-able and replaceable socket-type connection. The first issue I am dealing with (which is mostly a question) is---Will the chipset (Intel HM370) not let me use the i7-10810U?? From the limited resources I could find, I know the 10th gen processors don't work on 300 series chipsets for desktop mainly for the reason that the socket changed on the motherboards. However, I could not find anything as far as laptops, whether the 10th gen was supported for my laptop, whether the chipset would have conflicts with the CPU if it were to boot to BIOS. The second issue is if i can find this CPU off another laptop that is NOT the same brand, can I take the CPU off it and use it in my laptop. (i.e. a Dell Latitude 5510 off eBay that's essentially just the mobo and CPU for cheap) (not as much an issue, but would the original cooler on my i3-8145U be sufficient, should I use the cooler from the donor laptop, and should the one from the aforementioned dell latitude 5510 fit in my Lenovo?) Finally, if the i7-10810U will not work solely because of the chipset not being compatible because it's a 10th gen processor, these same questions should also apply to the i7-8569U. Which, being an 8th gen processor shouldn't have any conflicts with the chipset as far as I understand. Thank you in advance for those with help, advice, or even possibly greater resources than I have been able to find.

OS - windows 11 home x86 (32-bit) or x64 ? x64 What OS was originaly installed on the system? Windows 10 Is the OS an OEM version (came pre-installed on system) or full retail version (YOU purchased it from a retailer)? Age of system (hardware) Just bought 1 day ago Age of OS installation - have you re-installed the OS? 1 day CPU model : Ryzen 9 5900hs Video Card model : Nvidia 3060 MotherBoard - (if NOT a laptop) Laptop Power Supply - brand & wattage (if laptop, skip this) System Manufacturer : Asus Exact model number (if OEM or laptop) GA401QM-211.ZG14 Laptop or Desktop? Laptop I have an 2021 Asus Zephyrus g14 with a 3060, i was attempting to fix a brightness issue so i read i few reddit forums and seen that on battery power brightness can be washed out by vari brightness being enable in the Radeon app so i installed it and misakenly install some raden GPU drivers and not my bios is say that my Cpu is a Ryzen 9 5900 hs which is correct but the graphic is coming up as Radeon aswell. Can someone help me get this issue corrected? tried unstalling the display adpter driver and the radeon app and reinstalling the Nvidia drivers but its saying that there isn't and Nvidia card dectected.

What are the bus types? Are these CPU or computer or motherboard busses? I have not found information on this subject anywhere on the Internet.

TL;DR : Will my RAM go 3200MHz if my CPU (i7 11700) can support it but my motherboard (Asus Strix H470i) says it's limited to 2933 because of the 10th gen CPU Hi guys, I've been looking for this information but I can't find it anywhere. I currently have an i5 10400, with an Asus H470i Strix motherboard, and 16GB of 3200MHz. I already know I can't run my ram at that speed, I got it because it was on sale and I really liked the way it looked. It also gave me the possibility of keeping the RAM if I ever upgraded to a CPU that supports faster speeds. This is one of those times. I got the funds and will need the extra cores for some VM work, so I'm upgrading to an i7. The Motherboard says it's limited to 2933MHz because, when it came out, that's the limit for the Non K SKUs. The new 11th Gen says it supports up to 3200MHz, and my motherboard received a BIOS update and does support the new CPUs. But it doesn't mention anywhere if I will be able to use the full speed of my RAM or not. Does anyone know if my CPU supports 3200MHz if my motherboard will have that option or am I limited because of my chipset?

I found a neat CPU on ebay, an Intel Xeon E7-8880 v3. On Intel Ark it says this CPU is compatible with an FCLGA2011 socket. So with the help of Google I tried to find a mainboard, which is compatible with this CPU. As it is a server CPU, I tried looking for a mainboard that specifically lists it as compatible in order to be sure it would work. However, I was unable to find one. Does anyone here know which mainboard would be compatible with this CPU (ideally something consumer-like with one socket) or how and where to efficiently look for that? Best regards El_Brodini

As title said. Back then when I was using Z77, Windows 7. I didn't bother with all these things. I actually just use the DVD that came with the Mobo and install the Drivers via the DVD and done with it. May even be completely outdated. Then I built a AMD system 4 Years back, AMD is kinda simple for their Chipset Driver. Just head to their site, there's only 1 file to download and install and done. Now I be building a new Intel system soon with Z590 board. I check ASUS site, there are ton of different Chipset drivers....which should I install ? Biggest question is, do I even need to install the Chipset driver for Intel ?? Also I wanna mention I'm using a 10900K on the Z590 Mobo though not 11th Gen. Why I'm using 10th instead of 11th on a Z590, long story....I don't wanna get into it. Lastly, should I even bother updating the BIOS as well ? On the page description it seems like all the new BIOS update it seems to be related to 11th Gen.

Hey guys, I recently got a GA-P55-UD for my backup PC and since I was rebuilding it and had two 120 GB SATA SSDs lying around, I decided to to run them in Raid 0, because 1) 120 GB is not a lot by itelf nowadays 2) questionable performance gains 3) they're not worth much. It was only afterwards that I it says that the RAID BIOS only supports HDDs, but I had no problem installing and running windows. However, when I wanted to move some large files from the HDDs (also in RAID 0) I noticed that the SSDs are getting bottlenecked and the response time of the drives sometimes goes over 4-5K ms, which is absurd. Write tests were now tanking in speed compared to previously (I measured it after installing Windows). On further inspection I noticed that the drives are "fragmented" (unoptimised), but the option to optimise them is grayed out in Windows Defragment and Optimise service window. I tried to manually optmise them with Powershell and got an error saying that the drives don't support that command. So it seems to me that because the RAID only supports HDDs, windows can not send TRIM commands to them, despite the drives appearing as SSDs in Task Manager, etc. Before you ask, yes, I am running the RAID on the Intel chipset, not the sketchy one. I looked across the web, but it seems no one ever has tried to do this, so there anything I can do, or do I have to rebuild the whole setup with only one SSD?

Hey all, So I think I'm the only person in the world switching from AMD to intel over the next few months. Going from a 2700X to a 10900K, and a 2070 Super to a 3090. I'll be using the same boot drive, and thus the same Windows install with all of my drives just plugged into the new motherboard. Do I need to uninstall any AMD software (chipset drivers, sound drivers for the old motherboard etc), before making the swap to the new system, or should it just ignore the AMD/B450 stuff it doesn't need and look for the intel/Z490 it does need? Cheers, Rhys

So, I bought a ROG Crosshair Hero X670E. Great motherboard. One thing that took my att is: PCI Lanes: If you check AMD's website for Ryzen 7700x (my new CPU) it says up to 24/28 PCI Lanes. On the other hand, here they put it like 16 lanes for GPU and other 8 lanes for storage, giving the 24 lanes as said on the website. But, on Asus Manual, apparently you can't use the PCI lanes for storage without taking 8 lanes from the GPU, I'm honestly confused, where are the other 8 PCI lanes?

As I understand it, the PCIe lanes provided by the chipset manage the limited bandwidth by either using very little or taking turns to transmit some amount of data. My question. Is where is the limit if you have something like an NVMe drive or an encoder using so much of it? In my case I am using AMD’s Bixby via the Gigabyte X570S AORUS MASTER, which means I have 4 lanes of 4.0 to handle the following parts: Corsair MP600 CORE via M2B_SB (up to 4,950MB/s) Samsung 980 PRO via M2D_SB (up to 7,000 MB/s) Samsung 870 QVO via SATA0 (up to 560 MB/s) Crucial MX500 via SATA2 (up to 560 MB/s) Lots of USB devices 2.5GbE LAN What happens if I were to add an Intel Arc encoder to my PCIe x4 slot that still have available? I’d need just under 1.5GB/s under constant use, right? I’m assuming 4K60. Would my system know to prioritise the PCIe slot when the total desired data throughput goes above ~7.87 GB/s? Would the encoder be able to buffer or would it just drop frames?

Hello everyone! I'm fairly new to the server space, so please bear with me while I run you guys through some of my research and ideas. The main features I want to incorporate in my server are a Nextcloud NAS, some home automation with home assistant, a Jellyfin media server, some MC game servers and some code development environment. I plan to virtualize this all using Proxmox. In order to keep this project financially interesting, I knew I had to prioritize efficiency and power consumption. This soon brought me to the Alder Lake processors, and to be exact the i7-12700k. I choose this since it supports ECC RAM when paired with the W680 chipset, and due to its integrated GPU and efficiency with regards to media transcoding using Intel's QSV. Unfortunately it is very hard to get hold of a W680 chipset motherboard, and even if I could they would be very expensive. So, I decided to look around for another motherboard while I get familiar with the software side of things, and when W680 motherboards are more mainstream I will switch to that combined with ECC RAM. This brings me to my problem; I've been searching through countless of forums to find what motherboard manufacturers in combination with what chipset would yield good results for virtualization, but unfortunately I haven't gotten much wiser. Some people say that any modern Intel chipset should be sufficient, while others seem to have had negative experiences with regards of the IOMMU groups of specific manufacturers. I've heard that micro-ATX motherboards are usually more power efficient than their ATX counterparts, so this is what I have limited my research to currently, but please correct me if I'm wrong. I stumbled upon the MSI MAG B660M MORTAR DDR4, it does not support overclocking, but that is not a deal breaker to me. My main concern is how good the IOMMU-groups are, since these aren't published my MSI themselves. Some people seem to swear by other chipsets like Z690 or Z790, but again I have no idea with what motherboard manufacturer I should pair these.. If anyone has had success stories with regards to Alder Lake and virtualization, I would very much be interested in hearing what your setup is like! Sorry for the rambling nature of this post, but I'm desperate for information. Any help is much appreciated! Cheers!

Hi all I have some new hardware but in the nearly 20 years of PC building, I've never really known what are acceptable temperatures for the motherboard, chipset and MOS. I have collected some logs (AIDA64) for these sensors and maximum temperatures achieved with 0% system fans are as follows: Motherboard: 50 Chipset: 63 MOS: 54 What max temperatures should I be looking to target with my fan curves? FWIW, MSI mobo with 4 steps to each curve. 2 140mm Noctua fans on front, 1 120mm Noctua fan on rear setup configured ?traditionally (front pull, rear push) with Arctic CPU cooler exhausting out of top. PC combines as HTPC for video streaming so I like a profile on the quieter side when not gaming. In the UK, mild winter, 20 Celsius room. TIA Hardware: MSI MAG X570 TOMAHAWK WIFI AMD Ryzen 7 5800X3D Arctic Liquid Freezer II 240 Corsair Vengeance LPX Black 32GB 3200 MHz CAS 16 MSI Radeon RX 6900 XT GAMING X TRIO 16GB Adata XPG SX8200 Pro 512GB M.2 2280 NVMe PCIe SSD Antec HCP-1300 Platinum PSU Fractal Design Meshify 2 Compact

What are these two buttons on the motherboard Chipset? What do they do?

BLUF: Will waiting for i5 13400 and B760 chipset offer a better experience or more functionality than buying a Z690 or B660 board and 12400 CPU now? Budget: $650 USD Country: USA Use case: Gaming at 1080p 144fps. FPS, JRPGs, etc. Other details: Looking for DDR5. Upgrading CPU, MB, RAM. Prefer ASUS MB Proposed build https://pcpartpicker.com/user/NaClKnight/saved/th9t3C Wife upgraded everything else in her build in 2021 (3070 Ti, new ATX Case, new PSU, new NVME drive) but we agreed to upgrade the core of the build at a later date. That time is nigh. She's conflicted about a 13400(F) and a B760 board when they release in Jan 2023 vs a 12400 and a ASUS Z690 P Wifi right now. Either way she's going DDR5 RAM. https://pcpartpicker.com/product/Pq7G3C/asus-prime-z690-p-wifi-atx-lga1700-motherboard-prime-z690-p-wifi Is she missing out on anything if we upgrade her build for Christmas? What new capability or functionality will accompany the new 700 chipset? I'm an AMD guy and not very well versed in the difference between these intel gens. Thanks!

Hello everyone, I have a satellite C55-a computer that comes with a Pentium 2020m CPU, I increased the ram from 4gb to 8gb, but my question is if the socket G2 and the motherboard support an upgrade to an i3 CPU or i5? Investigate the motherboard but I'm not completely sure of the model because it only says Portable PC MP, Toshiba brandbrand. Thanks.

So I want to upgrade my cpu from a Ryzen 5 2600 to a Ryzen 7 3700x but my mobo is the Asus ROG Strix B450-f Gaming and I dont know if the chipset will effect the performance of the 3700x. I do know that I wont be able to take advantage of PCIe 4.0 with the b450 chipset, but I don't have anything that can utilize PCIe 4.0. I have no plans to overclock. All I do is play videogames. Should I upgrade my mobo or will I be fine sticking with my b450?