I have the exact same problem for the exact model of laptop (GA502 Asus Zephyrus with Ryzen 3750H).
I managed to downgrade to BIOS 203 and the problem still shows up (but later in a stress or Gaming situation).
The following BIOS versions all have the .39 GHz power state firmware bug:
203, 205, 206, 207, 208
These are the only ones I have access to. If anyone has 204 I would love to try it.
Personally, I am 95% certain (arbitrary number I know) that this is a BIOS issue with AMD ASGEA.
We need Asus to release a new BIOS that has ASGEA ABBA included.
I am a test engineer for a large fab-less chip company. This kind of dumb problem seems like a firmware issue.
It appears that when the CPU hits max temp, the firmware throttles directly to the lowest power sate.... and stays there until a hard reboot.
Different BIOS's (in my tested list above) behave slightly differently (throttle down at 90 c vs 92 c) but the core (pun intended) issue is that the firmware throttles the chip down to .39 GHz and locks it there.