Doesnt work like that.
You cant just plug a PCIe device into SATA and have it magically work, the signals are not compatible.
SAS has an implementation that carries native PCIe signals (U.2), which is why these adapters exist. The cheap SAS to USB adapters only work with the SATA based implementation of SAS.
NVME drives need NVME USB adapters and are NOT compatible with Sata adapters. This is what you need. https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07VVNHZHH/ref=cm_sw_r_tw_dp_U_x_db7LDb462NP4J
Now, if you could find a U.2 to USB adapter and skip the SAS to SATA, conversion, that would work. But because you're converting from NVME to U.2, then U.2 to SAS, then SAS to SATA, and your SAS to SATA is just a pin adapter, not smart, the SATA adapter can't actually read your U.2 data.