suom1_embark

You could always limit it to larger networks than specific addresses but less than whole internet. For instance if you're a AT&T customer you could then whitelist the networks that AT&T announces to internet. These networks can be found on websites like https://bgp.he.net I would however advice you as previous poster, do not use FTP (without SSL/TLS).

I would advice you to test speeds against http://speed.googlefiber.net If that still provides you with poor performance I would contact Google Fiber and ask them to troubleshoot our internet connection. I would say that either there is problems with cables coming to your home or there is just congestion in Google Fiber's network in your area (this is very common where ISP's overbook their network).

Is there a specific reason you traceroute to 2.2.2.2 which is routed by Orange (a french ISP) and does not answer on ICMP(ping)? Your latency to that from US will be bad to start with. And as meun5 says, there are no good way for you to manipulate your routing without a VPN, but then you should keep in mind that you depend on that specific VPN-endpoint to have enough bandwidth and CPU for your traffic.