bughHD

yea ignore it its totally safe

Certificates like these should be ignored unless you are in a high security environment generally, like a data center, or some sort of secure IT workplace. It is safe to ignore it. It is to warn you that the computer has never been connected to before and than Microsoft can not confirm or deny that the connection is safe and I would believe to keep Microsoft from being a liability. I believe the way it works is that when you RDP you have an incoming/outgoing connection so both parties are liable to some sort of damage of sorts.
TL;DR = Safe to ignore unless you work in high security workplace or somewhere like that. Keeps Microsoft from being liable to damages caused to either parties' computers, and warns you that man in the middle attack is possible (I think).

15" Retina MacBook Pro

They are ads that pop up in the video as banners, or play commercials. Sometimes ad blocks don't remove the yellow bar.
It's actually what prompted me to install ad block in the fist place a long time ago- middle of a sing BAM 30 second ad.

ABP has just had an update that moves it out of the address bar, so there's no way to move it back, and the cookie blocker is just the standard built in symbol probably because the person has 3rd party cookies blocked, the setting is in Settings chrome://settings/content
 
and the one between Google+1 (different from straight up Google+) and Google Music is Wolfram|Alpha as others have said

From left to right
Cookie blocker, Adblock, Bookmark, Calander, Google+, Email, Google Play Music, Chromecast.