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W-L

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  1. Like
    W-L got a reaction from small guy64 in PSU Fan swap.   
    Main thing is you want a pressure optimized fan in those kinds of applications. You can always probe the voltage of the minimum output of the current fan to ensure it has enough voltage to ensure the new fan has enough to start. 
     
    Of course this always comes with the caveat of opening the PSU at your own risk as the capacitors in the unit can hold enough of a charge to be deadly and to ensure that you check the temps of the unit with a thermocouple of other temperature measurement device to ensure it's within safe operating temps. 
  2. Agree
    W-L got a reaction from IAMABOSS in 5900X Dead? Weird black screen issues   
    -Moved to Troubleshooting Section- 
  3. Like
    W-L reacted to Maybowl in Waterblock Standoffs stuck to pcb.   
    Drilling them out worked quite well in the end, and I was at least able to salvage 3 of the standoffs. one standoff sadly had the screw break off when trying to twist it out, but I used a standoff which only used larger screws, which the only issue I had then was sanding down a screw, which went relatively well. Everything is up and running again 🙂
  4. Agree
    W-L reacted to -rascal- in Can’t seem to drain EKWB FLT res/pump   
    You are going to need to open up a second opening for the air circulate into the loop -- ideally a high point in the loop (or a second port on the res).
    Usually, open up the "fill" port, and the "Drain" port.
    There is a vacuum in the loop, and you need a second opening to "relieve" the vacuum.
    Like plugging one end of a drinking straw with your finger.
  5. Agree
    W-L got a reaction from HanZie82 in Specialist pc vacuum cleaner   
    Depends on the vacuum if you get a proper electronics vacuum cleaner it will not be an issue as they are ESD grounded and have built in static dissipation when vacuuming over electronics. For most people using a compressed air canister or those air dusters and an ESD safe brush will suffice
     
    I've used specialized units like this which are used for electronics and fine dust particles that we cannot just blow off as it will be a health hazard and contaminate the work area. 
    https://www.amazon.ca/Atrix-VACOMEGAS-Omega-Supreme-Vacuum/dp/B004BBMO0S/
  6. Informative
    W-L got a reaction from MultiGamerClub in Bad airflow at top-vent in the R6? (360mm aio)   
    It will help with balancing the airflow since you have somewhat of a deficit currently being there is only 2 intake and 3 exhaust, not to mention the front of the R6 is very restrictive due to the solid front panel. The air has to make it in via the gills or side of the front panel, having say an extra fan the rear or a bottom intake will also help a bit for the GPU.
     
    It won't be a huge difference but in any case I'd see it as a step in the right direction in terms of airflow and if you want positive pressure with filtered intakes to prevent dust.
  7. Like
    W-L got a reaction from Lord Mirdalan in Taking apart & painting G.Skill TridentZ DIMMs   
    The Tridents are quite easy to take apart and paint they are just held in place by the top plastic cap.

  8. Like
    W-L got a reaction from AI_Must_Di3 in CPU riser?   
    The main issue I would see with this is latency or inference problems since they specifically design traces on the board to be a certain lengths and even create extra turns if needed to make some longer. 
  9. Like
    W-L got a reaction from Suger88 in Modding FAQ - [New Layout]   
    For the Deepcool kit yes that can be done since they are just standard SMD5050, you can also get crimp on T junctions like this if you don't want to solder. Just be sure to strip back the clear waterproofing so they can make contact with the copper pads:
    https://www.amazon.com/Connector-JACKYLED-Non-waterproof-Flexible-Conductor/dp/B011BD27G4/ref=pd_sbs_201_4?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_i=B011BD27G4&pd_rd_r=BXE2B3MRDCN4FZCSJK7N&pd_rd_w=n99do&pd_rd_wg=FhtPs&psc=1&refRID=BXE2B3MRDCN4FZCSJK7N
     
  10. Like
    W-L got a reaction from Russkito in 600mm Radiator   
    That's a bit of an odd size usually quad rads are what you will normally find. 
     
    If you want extremely large rads Aquacomputer and Watercool may cater to what you are looking for with a 6 x 140mm radiator and some 3x3 120mm and 140mm rads. 
    https://shop.aquacomputer.de/product_info.php?products_id=2726
    https://shop.watercool.de/Radiators
  11. Like
    W-L got a reaction from brob in Modding FAQ - [New Layout]   
    Image Above Provided by: LittleCarrot

    Welcome to the Brand New Update for the Modding FAQ Post
    This has been quite the work giving the FAQ a new look from the old text based version and I hope everyone here enjoys it and find it useful. The old version however is not gone, for anyone who still wants to view it with the same up to date info I will leave a link to it HERE.
     
    This thread will go over some of the most common mods, contain information on sleeving, painting components, templates, modding, and more with detailed instructions for all the mods.
     

     
    If there is anything you want to see added, or contribute let me know by either posting below or messaging me I'm always open to new ideas.
     
     
    General Wiring
     

     

     

     

     

     

     
     
    Modding
     

     

     

     

     

     

     
     
    Painting
     

     

     

     

     

     
  12. Like
    W-L got a reaction from guljfesk in Looking for an "inverse" chassis. ideas?   
    Be quiet is pretty good if you want an invertible layout case that is designed for silence. I believe it is their dark base lineup that has that feature. 
  13. Like
    W-L got a reaction from Frandesktop in Are these types of filter really good at preventing dust inside the case?   
    Those are mediocre, since the perforated mesh has pretty large holes. You would be better with a very fine mesh filter like the ones from SIlverstone or Demciflex. 
     
    Using dust filter fabric as you mentioned will work and is used in production applications but isn't exactly the most ideal since they do add a fair bit of flow restriction. Your best thing is to try to move the PC off the ground if it's capturing a lot of dust/debris. 
  14. Like
    W-L got a reaction from Lixnir in What coolant to use for a frequently drained loop?   
    Welcome to the Forums! 
     
    The best really these days is a premix, it will have everything you need inside. For something that will be drained and refilled a lot with low maintenance a clear liquid like Mayhems X1 or EKWB cryofuel is good. If it's only being drained for transport you can reused the fluid but if it's getting close to the 6 month or 12 month mark I would just swap it out. 
     
    Stuff like silver and PT nuke are good on their own given that is no nickel content in the loop, for PT nuke there is the PT clear which is ok for nickel.
  15. Agree
    W-L got a reaction from Timotheus2 in What's the best way to soundproof this wall?   
    You would be best to install heavy weight curtains about 6 inch from the wall and ensure they go form floor to ceiling, while it won't be perfect it will help. Best solution would be to build a secondary wall and put in sound proof insulation but seeing this is a rental it is not the most practical. 
     
  16. Like
    W-L got a reaction from Evolution. in standoff nubs   
    There are friction standoffs such as these, just make sure it's high enough off from the motherboard tray. 
    https://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=9SIA3TR3D92900&cm_re=6-32_screw-_-9SIA3TR3D92900-_-Product
    https://www.bestbyte.net/review/product/list/id/848/
  17. Informative
    W-L got a reaction from LiamFirks97 in Cooling a closed laptop in a desk drawer   
    Welcome to the Forums!
     
    Long as their is airflow through the drawer with a proper intake that passes air over the laptop will work. As for leaving it closed for most laptops it's not an issue but it depends on how the cooling is configured as some will vent between the screen and keyboard when open and may get obstructed when it's closed. 
  18. Informative
    W-L got a reaction from suedseefrucht in New to RGB   
    I usually recommend the cable mod LED's they're quite good and have a remote control function for independent control if your motherboard does not have built in RGB headers. There are others out there also with similar kits available such as Deep cool and Coolermaster depending on your local availability. 
    https://cablemod.com/product/cablemod-widebeam-magnetic-rgb-led-strip-60cm/
  19. Like
    W-L reacted to trag1c in An Intro to Various Types of LED Strips and How to Utilize Them   
    This is a topic among many that I would like to make a video on for my hobbyist electronics business that I am in the process of opening up so I thought I would share my very early stage written up tutorial to the fine people of the LTT Forum. I figured I would go full master exploder with the juicy bits to blow your mind. Later on I will include hardware and software examples and possibly how this correlates to motherboard RGB headers. I will also probably be writing other tutorials as I go along. Probably more basic ones to start with after this for the less initiated lol. Sorry for the terrible quality of the writing as I can read and write better C++ then and I can read and write English (even though its my first language lol.)
    Probably will turn this into a mega thread with all the tutorials that I write up. Or maybe throw them up as blog posts with links idk. Depends on how receptive the community is.
     
     
    TODO:
    Remove vulgar language
    Add figure numbers for each image and subsequent referrals in each applicable paragraph 
    Resize images for better formatting 
    Any images that are not from the datasheets replace with my own 
    Make some images related to data 
    Write Code 
    Create hardware designs 
    Create Github repo 
    Move everything into the github repo
    Find more issues with this post and subsequently log them here.
     
    This article is intended as high level overview on various types of RGB strips, their operation and techniques for successfully utilizing them. The LEDs being discussed are single colour 4 pin RGB strips, 3 pin addressable RGB WS2812B strips and finally 4 pin addressable RGB APA102/SK9822 LED strips. All or most of this information will also apply to bare LEDs of these types and LED matrices of these types as well. If there is any information that you believe to be incorrect please let me know. If there is any spelling mistakes, grammar or formatting issues please let me know as well. I will be more than happy to fix any issues with this article. Any comments or questions please feel free to post!
     
     
     
    Definitions for the context of this write up:
    RGB is Red, Green, Blue
    RGBW is Red, Green, Blue, White (the reason I use white and not amber is that A is typically associated with alpha channel which is what lets you set the opacity of pixels in an image so evidently that's not the right term to be using in our context because LEDs have no opacity value. )

    We as humans typically use numbers in the decimal system or base 10. This means we have ten distinct digits per position ranging from 0 to 9. Exceeding 9 would now start counting in the next highest position e.g. 10. Each number position is 10 times the position to the right of it. So to compose a number such as 4682 you would break it down into thousands, hundreds, tens and ones or 4000 + 600 + 80 + 2  
    However computers work in a completely different numeral system. This system is known as binary meaning there are only two digits per position which are 0 and 1. Except instead of Base 10 we're now Base 2 so each number position is 2 times the value to the right of it. 

    So to count in binary you would go from 0000 which is decimal 0. 0001 which is decimal value 1. 0010 is decimal value two. 0011 is decimal value 3. 0100 is decimal value 4..so on so forth. Individual positions in binary are commonly referred to as bits. So a 16 bit number would have 16 positions like so 0100 0010 0000 0010 0100. A Byte is a collection of 8 bits and it is the smallest unit of data that a microprocessor will use. From now on I will use () to represent individual bytes
    RGB colour information in computers is a numerical representation of intensities (also known as saturation) of the primary colours or channels in binary. These are typically stored as 24 bits or 3 Bytes of data for a total of 16,581,375 colours. RGBW is 32bits or 4 Bytes of data for a total of 4,228,250,625 colours. You can get more color depth and formats but this beyond the scope of what I want to write as its not applicable to what we want to do.
    This gives each channel or colour 8 bits of data each for the Intensity of the colour. So in order to get the 16 million colours you would multiply 255 x 255 x 255( x 255 for white). So in order for us to get full solid red colour we would have a value of 255 for the red byte, 0 for the green byte, 0 for the blue byte or in binary (1111 1111)(0000 0000)(0000 0000). . Lets now say we wanted solid purple for a colour. This would be represented by a mixture of the Red and Blue channels. To numerically represent this it would be 255 for our red byte, 0 for our green byte, and 255 for our blue byte. This in binary is (1111 1111)(0000 0000)(1111 1111).
    Moving onto computer memory we will look at how everything is stored within a computer. You've probably heard the terms 32bit or 64 bit processors before but what does this actually mean. What this comes down to is the number of bits that the processor can naturally process in addition to how much memory it can address. (There's way more to this but this in it self is a cluster fuck of a subject. Also note to self find a nicer way to put this ) Notice the italics on natural because this leads us into the next portion which is data Words. Words are the natural unit of data for a given processor and what this means by natural unit is that it easily matches the number of bits that our processor can work on. So if we have a 64bit processor that means the word size will be 64 bits or 8 bytes. 

    Onto the memory addressing. A memory address is a binary number that has the same number of bits as your processor. This numbered address corresponds to a byte of data stored in memory. So if you have a 32Bit processor you can only address up to 4GB of RAM (232). If you have a 64Bit processor this is over 17 Exabytes of RAM that you can access(264).
     So how do you order your bytes of data into memory? Well there are 2 ways which is either Big Endian(BE) or Little Endian(LE) also known as Endianness. In a big endian system your most significant byte (the most significant digits) is stored at the smallest memory address. In little endian we have the exact opposite where the least significant bytes are stored at the smallest address. If you need help visualizing this imagine memory address as a latter. The rung at the bottom is the smallest memory address while the top rung is the biggest memory address. You either put the biggest part of the number followed by the smaller digits starting at the bottom and working your way up or you do the exact opposite where the smallest digits at the bottom working your way up to the top with the bigger digits for big endian and little endian respectively. (If you want a brain twister then try to think about doing both of these methods at the same time because they're computers that work with both.) If you're wondering what an x86 / x86_64 (Intel/AMD 32/64bit processors) use its little endian.
    So I've explained what binary is and how it is used to represent images and colours and now its time to explain the other side of the coin which is Electrical signals. We will start with and explanation of what Voltage is and how we use it. Voltage is known as an Electrical Potential Difference which is represented by the SI unit Volt or V. This is called a Potential Difference because its a difference of charges or energy between 2 points. This is much like gravitational potential energy where the energy lies between 2 different points or heights. 
    Example: If an object is on the ground it has a potential energy of zero because its already at the lowest point it can be. But if an object is raised to say 10 meters it now has a 10 meter difference in potential energy because it can fall 10 meters to the ground. 

    So now that we know what a potential difference is we can now apply it to voltage. So on a circuit you would have power source such as a battery which has a negatively charged terminal and a positively charged terminal. This now our source of potential difference because one terminal is positive and the other is negative. If this was a car battery for example it would be at 12 Volts which means the positive terminal has positive charge that is 12V higher than the negative terminal. (Though in some unique cases you can have  -12V which can be really useful but beyond scope.) By default charges want to balance or cancel them selves out so how is this useful to us? Their desire to be balanced creates immense pressure that when harnessed is how you produce work. So now in a circuit if we force them through a certain path they will now do work for us to get to the other positively charged terminal. So this work that is done could be a light bulb turning on, a microprocessor operating, heating element heating up etc. 
    Electrical Signals are the way in which represent or encode data to a voltage value. This all comes back  to numerical representations of a given property. So an Analog signal is way of continuously representing electrical signals from infinity to infinity using voltages. Coming back to numerical representations you would assign a range to a dataset and a range of voltages that corresponds to that dataset. If we were to look at a temperature sensor it has (for our context) 2 properties:
    1) The temperature range it is capable of measuring.
    2) The voltage range it can output.

    So if our temperature sensor is capable of measuring 0 to 100 C° and it does this over a range of 0V to 5V then by measuring the voltage we can determine the temperature. So if we measure the voltage and its at 2.5V then we know the sensor is measuring 50C°. Pretty easy right? Lets move on.
    The binary numeral system that I discussed earlier is extremely useful to electrical signals because a lot of the time they're either on or they're off which is 1 and 0 respectively. This is what's known as digital because the voltage is being expressed by a series of digits. This differs from analog because analog is stateless as it maps to a range and not two different distinct states like digital does. These states are high voltage potential and low voltage potential which maps to binary 1 and binary 0. So that leaves us with only 2 possibilities for a signal which really isn't all that useful on its own. But if we add into the mix the possibility that we can change states over time then we can suddenly do a lot more with it such as represent binary numbers.

    Now that we know what an Analog and Digital Signal to Clock signals and no its not the thing that you stare at all day when you're in class or at work but it is related. I mentioned previously that digital signals on they're own are not all that useful because you can only do two different things with them which is either turn something on or turn something off. But I eluded to the fact that if you do that over time you can now represent data. So if you have a piece of circuitry that constantly turns on and of at a set frequency you have a clock. The time between two of the same states is a known unit of time. So if we had an awfully slow clock of 10Hz (Frequency represented by Hertz Hz is the count of how many times a specific event happens in a one second period. ) it means that the clock changes between states 10 times per second.  So if we were to divide one second by the amount of times our clock pulses (10Hz) you would have 100ms (milliseconds or 0.1 seconds) between pulses. So a clock signal does two things for a circuit it keeps track of time and subsequently provides synchronicity. 

    Lets keep the head hurting train moving and go onto PWM or Pulse Width Modulation. Simply put PWM is a way of representing or translating a digital signal to an analog one using a square wave that vary the width of. PWM has 3 components to it which are duty cycle, frequency and range. We already know what frequency is so we will skip straight to duty cycle which is a portion of time that a digital signal stays in a specific state vs an opposite state represented by a percentage. So if we had a frequency of 100Hz and we held a high signal for half of a clock pulse (or half the duration) we would have a duty cycle of 50%. If we had 5V as our source voltage and we used a PWM with a 50% duty cycle we would be left with a voltage of half of our source voltage so in this case that would be 2.5V. So by varying the duty cycle you now can see how we can represent analog signals digitally. 


    Another thing we have to talk about regarding digital data is data transmission. There's two approaches that exist when transmitting bits one is called Serial and the other is Parallel. Parallel for the most part has been phased out but it still does exist in limited fashions and devices. Parallel data transmission works by sending multiple bits simultaneously to the target device. This can be any number of bits (There's issues with the more lines you add...but out of scope) for example you may have a parallel data connection that uses 8 data lines so that it is capable of transferring 8 bits of data or a byte at a time. 

    This is contrasted by serial data transmission in which a single bit is transferred one by one by a single data line(There are serial protocols that utilize more than one data line). This typically includes a clock signal to synchronize the transmission of the data bit between devices. Depending on the protocol variation (or the device implementation) data may be sent or received on a rising edge or the falling edge of a clock cycle. 

    There's also three primary categories of communication between devices. The most basic is call simplex (go figure) in which data only travels one way at all times. It works by one device sends data to another but the other device doesn't talk back. The other 2 categories allow for data communication both ways. These are called full duplex and half duplex. In half duplex the data line is shared by both devices. This much like walkie talkies where only one person can talk at a time. On the other hand full duplex has at least 2 data lines allowing for both devices to communicate at the same time. This works by one device using one data line while the other is used by the 2nd device to send data back to the first device.
    At their core an LED you may know as basically a high tech single colour lightbulb. (There's a few exceptions to this but they're beyond scope.) If you give it a voltage and it turns on and if you vary that voltage you change the brightness also known as the intensity. LEDs are type of diode so they typically operate on the 2V to 5V range. If one were to apply 5V to the LED it will be very bright and if we just give it 2V it will barely be on. Knowing that we can map an analog range to this. Now the gears might be turning in your head on how to do so but we just discussed it earlier. The solution is simply PWM this means we can take our 24bit data and translate it into an analog signal. But wait we have a problem LEDs are only one colour so the solution is take 1 LED from each colour that we need and feed it a PWM signal. This is where our RGB data comes in which we will feed each PWM signal (frequency would also be selected but not needed for our example.) the byte that corresponds to the LEDs color. So now if we had the colour Purple we would have the Red and the Blue LED on but not the green. If we wanted white we would turn on each LED to the same intensity (assuming we don't have a white LED channel.).

    So that's the most basic primitive type of RGB LED strip is where you have 4 wires that are Red channel, Blue channel, Green channel and ground. You might find your self asking why I said you need an LED for each separate channel when there is only one LED for all the colours. This is because they will combine multiple different colored LEDs onto a single package.

    Lets combine everything discussed and talk about how addressable LEDs work. The working principle of addressable LED's is that instead of applying a PWM signal across the entire strip we will apply it to each individual LED. The way this works is instead of our microprocessor encoding our digital signal to an analog one through PWM we will leave it up to another piece of circuitry that is an Integrated Circuit. This integrated circuit can either be integrated directly into the LED module it self or it can be a stand alone chip on a circuit board with stand alone LED's.

    These integrated circuits LED modules come in two flavors WS2812B and APA102. The first one we will talk about is the WS2812B as this is the most commonly available. There is a grand total of 4 pins for each module. These are as follows: Vdd (Source Voltage), Di (Data In), Do (Data Out), and Vss (Ground). 

    These modules are at their core are a PWM Shift Register which is an electrical circuit that consists of numerous (24 on this module) storage cells. These shift registers have 2 data pins on them one is for data in and the other is for data out. When you send a data bit to the data in pin you push that data into the first cell. When you send the second data bit it pushes the first bit into the 2nd cell and the 2nd bit occupys the first cell. You do this until you have filled register. It looks a little like this:

    colour byte  >> Shift Register     
    (0010 0101) >> (),  (0001 0010) >> (1), (0000 1001) >> (01), .....(0000 0000) >> (0010 0101)

    Now that you have filled your register you're probably thinking your done but how do you get data to the other LEDs? Well you keep pushing bits down the line because remember there is a Do or Data Out pin. So your register keeps pushing bits out as you push bits in allowing to move data into next led. This whole process is essentially one big pipe where you push bits in on side and they come out the other. The proper term for this is called Cascading. 
     

     
    Do you remember endianness well... it also applies the transfer of bits from once device to another but this time there's no memory addresses to deal with but simply is it the most significant bit (MSBit) first out or is it the least significant (LSBit)? In our case with WS2812B LEDs the most significant bit is sent out first. If you look at the diagram you may also notice that the order of the colour bytes is not RGB but rather GRB. We know that Blue is the first byte to be sent. So the order of transmission is Blue LSBit -> Red LSBit -> Green LSBit -> Green MSBit. We also have to take into account that the LEDs at the end of the strip will be first bytes of data that we will send. We have now established how to send data to our LEDs and in what order but there's more to it than that with these LEDs. 


    The reason there is more to it is because these LEDs don't take a simple High signal or low Signal from your microprocessor. If we look at the supplied timing diagram it shows both a high period and a low period for which to encode a binary 1 or a binary 0. This is because these LED's don't have a clock signal into them that allows you to synchronize the data transmission. Instead if you hold your data pin high for x amount of time and then hold the pin low for x amount of time you encode a bit. These timings can be found in the table below.

     
    So in order for us to encode a binary 0 we would have to look at T0H and T0L these correspond to high voltage time and low voltage time. So to have a binary 0 you would need to hold the data pin high for 0.4us and then hold it low for 0.85us. To encode a Binary 1 we need to look at the two remaining rows which is T1H and T1L. Which corresponds to 0.8us and 0.45us respectively. So for every bit we need to output we have to see what its binary value is so that we can hold the data pin at the voltage levels for the time needed and then move onto the next bit after that. After we have shifted all the data to the LEDs we then need to use the Reset command to lock the data in after which the LEDs will lock into the colour that we sent. To send the reset signal its as simple as holding the data pin low for 50us after we sent our last bit. One easy way we can achieve sending this data is through PWM because if you look back at the timing diagram it looks awfully like a PWM diagram. You can set your PWM frequency to that of the total bit encode time (assuming nominal) which is 1MHz ( Some microprocessors may be incapable of this.) Now if you set your PWM duty cycle to 64% you will encode a binary 1 ever cycle and if you set it to 32% you will encode binary 0. So now you just have to set duty cycle for every cycle of the PWM to encode your data. Easy Peasy. If your microprocessor is incapable of this you would need to structure your program to account for time that the bit is held high and for the time that the bit is held low and modulate the voltage level that way.

    Because the WS2812B's are timing based Bit Banging it leaves something to be desired for refresh rates and for the total number of LED's that you can run in total (assuming you have the RAM on the controller to hold as many LED's as you need.) If you say wanted to run these LEDs at 30Hz (30 FPS) you would only have 33ms to update your LEDs and lock them in. So the fastest (According to the data sheet) that we can encode a bit on these LEDs is 0.65us. So lets convert 33ms to microseconds. Shift the decimal place over 3 positions and we have 33000ms per frame to update LED's. We need 50us to send the reset signal so we can take that right of the top so that we have 29950us to work with. So 29950 divide by (0.65us x 24 bits) is 1919 LEDs. You want to run those LEDs at 60FPS well your left with less than half after that.
     
    Moving onto the other type of LEDs which are the APA102 LEDs. These guys are very similar to the WS2812B but they have 2 extra pins Ci and Co which are clock in and clock out. Since these have clock pins they use the pulse of the clock and the current state of the Data in pin to encode a binary 1 or binary 0. 

    In addition our data format changes from GRB to BGR. There is also a little bit more information that we have to send at the beginning and end of each frame and with every colour value. At the start of every frame we will have to send a start frame which is 32bits of binary 0's. After this for each LED we will send 3 binary 1 bits followed by a 5 bit (32 level) global saturation modifier. This global modifier will scale the brightness of the LED while preserving the exact colour. After that you will send your data in BGR format starting with the MSbit. Once you're done sending your colour you will end the entire operation with an end frame which is simply another single 32bit group of zero's that are pushed down the line.
    To recap the APA102's you send a start frame at the beginning of every update to signal that you intend to write new data followed by packets consisting of 3 high bits followed by 5bit global brightness number followed by 24bits of BGR colour data. You repeat this packet for every LED in the string and then finish it off with an end frame consisting of 32bits of zeros to each LED to lock in the colour. This entire process is very similar to a serial data protocol called SPI or Serial Peripheral Interface. Its a 3 wire full duplex synchronous data transmission protocol that has 2 data lines and 1 Clock signal. The Data lines are MOSI or Master Out Slave In and MISO or Master In Slave Out while the clock signal is called SCK. Since the LED's don't communicate back to us we really only need the MOSI line and the SCK line. Many boards allow us to configure how fast we want to send data, whether that data is sent on a rising or falling clock edge and if we want LSBit or MSBit first. So already we can get off very easy by using the hardware features of many microcontrollers and processors. For the APA102 we can send data at very fast rates (10MHz+) and we need to send them on a rising clock edge. That's all you really need for basic APA102 operation.

    However with the APA102's the data needed in total is a little misleading because you most likely will require more data sent. This more specifically has to do with the end frame. Since these LED's require a rising clock edge to validate data the other LEDs in the line wouldn't have enough time to validate incoming data because the rising edge window is too short. So the way the APA102 designers fixed this is by delaying the data output by about half a clock cycle back so that there's enough time for the next LED to monitor the data line and read the data in. The consequence of this is that for every LED the data gets delayed by an additional half clock. So what the end frame has to do with is that its only purpose is to push the rest of the bits to the last of the LEDs with additional clock pulses. The number of clock pulses needed is half of the LED count because each LED is a half clock more behind the previous LED. So if you only used the datasheets recommend 32bits only 64 LEDs would be locking in the new data. Where as if you send half the number of your LED's as a total bit count each containing 0's you subsequently lock in the data for every LED. 
     
     
    The end!!! Now go blow your mind!!!!! 
     
  20. Like
    W-L reacted to SansVarnic in Personal Folding Server Rig - Project Steamroller   
    First, Thank-you all for the well wishes after the Derecho, They were/ are well appreciated.  
     
     
    *Project Update November 12, 2020
     
    Things are back in swing with getting this back on track, I have been doing the number game and getting the budget together to run a new service to the garage. Hopefully I can get all I need (hardware and supplies) purchased by end of the year and start getting it installed in January. Granted it will be winter at that time but I dont see to much to worry over it really. Once I get the meter box installed and the service wire run I just need to call the Electric company to get it hooked up at the pole. I have most of what I need done inside the garage already.
     
    Expect the next update around mid/late January 2021 👍
  21. Informative
    W-L got a reaction from PEagle in Modding FAQ - [New Layout]   
    Image Above Provided by: LittleCarrot

    Welcome to the Brand New Update for the Modding FAQ Post
    This has been quite the work giving the FAQ a new look from the old text based version and I hope everyone here enjoys it and find it useful. The old version however is not gone, for anyone who still wants to view it with the same up to date info I will leave a link to it HERE.
     
    This thread will go over some of the most common mods, contain information on sleeving, painting components, templates, modding, and more with detailed instructions for all the mods.
     

     
    If there is anything you want to see added, or contribute let me know by either posting below or messaging me I'm always open to new ideas.
     
     
    General Wiring
     

     

     

     

     

     

     
     
    Modding
     

     

     

     

     

     

     
     
    Painting
     

     

     

     

     

     
  22. Like
    W-L got a reaction from TheNaitsyrk in Is a water chiller worth it ?   
    Hey if you do get it going I'd love to see the results. 
  23. Agree
    W-L reacted to AnonymousGuy in Cloudy gpu waterblock   
    And even at that you'll still need to probably do a cleanout of the loop after a while and still find build up...radiators are just nasty and should really always have a filter put on the outlet of them (and even at that you'll still get "fogging" from shit that the mesh won't catch).  I've had max-hot water from my tap circulating full blast through a radiator (my faucets are hipster-design 1/2" diameter pipe so it couples nicely) for 30 minutes and still get shit in the loop.
     
    But really it's cosmetic...the performance of the block in OP doesn't look like it's going to be significantly affected.  Right side of the fin structure looks a little grody though.
  24. Agree
    W-L got a reaction from Bad5ector in Cloudy gpu waterblock   
    I'm guessing it's probably some flux or debris from the rads mainly that came out, it's always best to flush and rinse the rads before assembly. I usually recommend to fill them around 50% with just tap water to vigorously shake and rinse, to do that about a half dozen times before giving it a final wash with distilled water. 
     
    It's probably alright for the time being and you can let it be until the next maintenance cycle just keep and eye on temps to ensure it's not building up. 
  25. Like
    W-L got a reaction from methanebomb in Cloudy gpu waterblock   
    I'm guessing it's probably some flux or debris from the rads mainly that came out, it's always best to flush and rinse the rads before assembly. I usually recommend to fill them around 50% with just tap water to vigorously shake and rinse, to do that about a half dozen times before giving it a final wash with distilled water. 
     
    It's probably alright for the time being and you can let it be until the next maintenance cycle just keep and eye on temps to ensure it's not building up. 
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