WildCAt

- light programming can be done on any potato, M2 Air is more than capable.
- general computing is covered too.
- live audio stuff and related - no idea. I believe LTT had a video with a musician testing out base M1 model.
- will run, but will run hot. Even M1 can run LoL.
- M3 Air is rumoured to come out /announced sometime this spring. Therefore M2 might go on sale pretty soon.
 
What is significant performance decrease? 10%? 50%?
I have heard, that M# Air does not really throttle much under continuous loads.

M1 Air throttled like 15-20% max when doing Cinebench Runs nonstop.
 
League is perfectly fine even on M1 Air, as every Youtube Video showed. Cap FPS at 60, and problem solved. The Chip won't run at 100% Load.
 
Edit: 
There it is. 30 min Cinebench R23 run on M2 Air decreases Multicore points from 7700 to 6700. That's like 15%. 
 
Literaly every single Windows Laptop even with Fans don't throttle less, when comparing short Burst Performance vs. long time Sustained Load (PL1, PL2, thermals, etc).
No big issue there.
If that throttling means an fps-decrease from 150 to 120, so be it.
 
Or directly any LoL Video on youtube: 
 
 
fps barely drops down to 2-digit numbers on a small Aram Match.
Whole M2 Package consumes barely 9 Watt of Power with uncapped fps and maxed out settings.
M2 can hit 20w under full Benchmark Load.

You don't really mention any reason for switching to windows?
When I started as a sysadmin, I hated on mac too. But now, I can't imagine working on a thinkpad again.
 
Do they get the job done? Do they enjoy using their machines? If yes to both of those, then why would you change that?

I work for a consultancy, and we all have MacBooks. Even though our IT department hates it, the number of Mac converts is growing.   They probably don't care about security or how easy it is for you to manage (in fact, they passively want to make it even more difficult), so you can't use security or management arguments to convince them. 
 
There will likely be a compromise to develop new standards and procedures regarding how you provision and manage their devices.  One of the reasons they like MacOS may be because they have more autonomy; they aren't restricted to a sluggish, latency-bound VDI or forced to have some invasive management software on their work machine. 
 
As one of these people who use a Mac, I think the conversation points need to change: 
 
The questions you should ask are:
What software do you use?  Why is it essential for you to use a Mac?  What are the barriers to switching to Windows?  Once you find these out, develop policies to accommodate them - you want the business to make revenue, after all, and not drive this team away.  
 
If they still refuse to switch, then you'll need to get executive sponsorship to perform a complete migration of the business's corporate IT management.  That would permit you to say, "Hey, this is a business project; we must migrate you by X date. Can you work with us so we can make it easy for you?"
 
Also, glad you're leaving the software engineers alone - if I got told I was being migrated to an Azure VDI, I'd immediately find a new position. 😄 

Then android is also bad by your definition
 
anyways we are done here

Follow these steps.
Research if all required programs are compatible with Linux Install Ubuntu LTS and test all functionality/compatibility with the laptop thoroughly Ask your mother if she'll need any special hardware like a printer, research and test compatability if she already has the special hardware Enjoy freedom from Microsoft AnnoyingOS If any step fails, install Windows 10 and try steps again in the year 2025. 

Senior Java developer and local dev academy "associate" here.
Java 8 is pretty old by now, but it still has "general Java stuff (like steams)" most people use till today, so you're fine 🙂 Sooo, you can pick Java 17 or even 20 (17 is curent LTS (Long Term Support)) and all Java 8 stuff will be there too (some stuff might be deprecated (like deleted or replaced because they're old and obsolete), but like 95% should be there, I think).
IMHO, Java is OK for personal projects, but it's mostly used in a corporate environments as a back-end language (generally back-end is where received data is getting processed, stored, etc.), so while creating a website with Java, is possible, but is quite painful and please no 🙂 GUI apps that run locally are fine (JavaFX/Swing), but it's kinda hard to make them look modern. Also shipping apps to other regular users is kinda pain, but that's another topic. Java today is mainly used for various integrations (API) and business logic (processing data, inputs, whatever), communicating with databases and other back-end stuff.
There are different Java "Editions". There's oracle, openJDK, RedHat, Amazon and many more. You don't care about that. It's just the same Java with extra libraries included. Just use OpenJDK or oracle. (Oracle owns Java. And OpenJDK is the source for Oracle Java).
Where to start? What to do? Well, first, learn the basics from the book or online tutorial (like syntax and just have some assumptions on what's possible at all) pick a mini-project fro yourself (anything, start simple, like sort students by grades). And learn everything you need to complete this project.
As an example, sort students by grade (console app, to simplify):
1) You need to input data. Let it be a student name and a grade. So you need to learn how to read user input in Java.
2) You'll have a bunch of students, so they will be stored in a List. So learn how to work with lists.
3)Then you'll need to sort them by grades. Just google any Java sorting algorithm (or modern Java has one built-in) and just copy-paste it and learn what it does and how it works.
4) And then output the result!
5)...
6) Profit!
Also, use IntelliJ - it is GOD IDE, community edition (free) is pretty good too. While you can use random notepad or VScode or anything else you want, normal people who actually work with Java to earn money use IntelliJ (in the past it was Eclipse or NetBeans). It's just a proper, good quality tool.
A good learning platform that has this "learn-by-doing-projects" is Hyperskill. It's from JetBrains (people, who created IntelliJ), so they know what they're doing. It's not three, though.. But it's amazing! Udemy and even YouTube are fine too, if you want a video. It's kinda hard to find a decent course though.
Next step after feeling comfortable with plain Java (it could be a few months, could be more) is to learn a framework. So, basically it's a Spring Boot. While it's not required, it makes things easier (like, working with API). But it will break your brain at first, because a lot of stuff is happening behind the scenes and looks like dark magic (Anotations?? What are they doing? Why is there "invisible" code??). I'm mentioning Spring Boot just because it's a #1 framework for Java and you'll find many mentions of it online together with Java.
 
Hope that helps and happy coding!

Indeed I was wrong about the Nitro+ size, thought it was samey than my ASUS OC 7900XTX which is more than 34cm...
Edited my first post 🙂 

As I've mentioned, there ARE such cases:
DAN C4-SFX - can fit Sapphire Nitro+ XTX , however it's sold out everywhere
Fractal Terra - can fit Sapphire Nitro+ XTX, but CPU cooler area becomes very small. It's an option though.
also Thor-zone Nanoq - can fit Sapphire Nitro+ XTX, but will be released sometime in Q3.
 
Also Nitro+ is 320mm, not 350. I was asking, maybe there are something else I'm missing, because there cases are kinda hard to find.

Actually now that I think about it. OSPF
 
Open 
Shortest
Path
First
 
It's been a while since I've been in the class but yeah EIGRP, RIP, BGP would all use a different method. Different vendors would also have their own methods but RIP and I believe OSPF are universal and allowed to be used by more than one vendor so other companies can use them.
 
If I recall EIGRP was developed by CISCO, it was proprietary but I've heard they're opening it up for other vendors to use.
 
BGP is very standard for connections between ISPs & homes/businesses but yeah all of them use a different method for getting packets from location A to location B.

I was thinking of @ing you . This just further explains the complexity of how routing chooses which path to take. It's not one universal method for the whole Internet.

Depends on the routing protocol for the most part. OSPF, EIGRP, RIP, BGP, etc. all use different cost mechanisms and have different ways to tweak preferred or number of equal cost paths as well.
Admin Distance and metric determine which route gets installed along with a few other things depending on if there is a tie on both of those and if ECMP is enabled/available as well.

I believe different hardware/software vendors use different methodologies so they're not all the same method but while I was taking a CISCO course on routing their implementation is based on "cost" a pre-determined value that a given interface or link is given. This number equates to being the "fastest route" to take to get a packet from A to B. The lower the cost, the faster the route and as so the route the router will send the data down because it's the fastest path.
 
There are many scenarios where there are exceptions to the rules such as ACLs, VIP traffic, any kind of black listing, VLANs, or if two routes have identical costs but at least for CISCO equipment this is how they do it. 

i3's tend to be on the down on power and most of them tend to only have 2 cores, which can be an issue for multi taking. i3's are the budget option on laptops so they tend to come with low ram sizes too, which is an issue for chrome.If all you need a laptop for is to throw in your bag to do some light tasks it would be ok. One issue you might also find, that I find i have a lot, is if your PC is fast and contains lots of power and your laptop isn't , you will started to hate your laptop. To be honest if all you need is an i3 you might be better off getting a second hand laptop

You can buy laptops at around $800 (€715) with gtx 1050/1050 ti and I7 and I5  which would do everything you want plus gaming on very high settings. I would suggest the dell inspiron I5577 for its great build quality, long 6 and a half hour battery life, great specs, good screen, good keyboard and trackpad and great io selection. Here's a link.
 
https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B06XFGDD8P/ref=mp_s_a_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1497368137&sr=8-1&pi=AC_SX236_SY340_FMwebp_QL65&keywords=gtx+1050+laptop&dpPl=1&dpID=41zfabBnrLL&ref=plSrch
It's about €675

No worries. If you are going to go second hand look out for dell dell latitudes. Most schools and business use/used them, as they get a good bulk deal from dell, which is why optiplexes are so common, They tent to have i5's and some have a proper GPU chip. You might need to spend some extra on a new battery and/or hdd/ssd but it would be cheaper and more powerful. I would also keep an eye out on amazon there are sometimes really good deals, or wait until prime day, sign up for the free trial, get a laptop and then cancel the trial, its just a thought.

To answer your first question, laptop I3 are often very under powered and at that budget you could buy an I5 or an I7 in a ultrabook. I would suggest the LG gram but it's over budget at €800 but it's really light, slim and has an I5 and a 17 hour battery life.
https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B01N7RQ46Q/ref=mp_s_a_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1497368816&sr=8-1&pi=AC_SX236_SY340_QL65&keywords=lg+gram&dpPl=1&dpID=51VA92ujhlL&ref=plSrch
 
 

I would DEFINITELY go find work in a different country. Why would you do something you don't like? Just for the paycheck? Never do that. Always do what you are interested in and enjoy. I'm personally into web design actually. But I enjoy any other coding. But seriously just do what you enjoy even if it means you'll have to move. 

If you don't like it, don't do it - unless you're desperate. Realistically web development is something you can learn on your own if you know the basics of programming, if you ever find yourself in a pinch going back to it shouldn't be a problem. Software engineering is more about coordinating a team and designing software than actual programming; it can offer interesting challenges but it's definitely not for everyone. If you like robotics there are dedicated university courses that you can take, maybe even in your country, but bear in mind there's a lot of math involved.

I've had experience with inventor and fusion 360 I'd say fusion 360 slightly edges it but I prefer inventor for non 3d printed things. It's pretty seamless bringing your files into the slicer of your choice. 

1) Invest in Clang Format. It's a beautiful little code formatting tool for any language.
2) I don't see what's difficult about this that basic tutorials don't cover. You can literally dump deck into deck.cpp and then use a basic header tutorial to just put the class and function declarations inside deck.h.
Then just make sure deck.cpp has #include "deck.h", and any files using deck have #include "deck.h"
 
 

I don't really want to touch your code, I would need to fix indentation, but the rule is simple, int your header file you leave only function declaration, and you move definition to cpp file. Next you add header guard to header file. For example:
#include <iostream> class Foo { private: int i; public: void bar(int _i){ i = _i; } } foo; int main() { foo.bar(10); } Header file would look like:
#ifndef FOO_H #define FOO_H class Foo { private: int i; public: void bar(int _i); }; #endif and cpp:
#include "Foo.h" void Foo::bar(int _i){ i = _i; } and main:
#include <iostream> #include "Foo.h" int main() { Foo foo; foo.bar(10); }  
If your cpp needs somthing to be included then you includ eit in cpp file, it's better this way then including it in header file. If you will have two classes, A and B, A will require B and B will require A then you can add class A; in B.h and class B; in A.h, It may be vague right now., but if you ever will run into such problem then you will probably learn by figuring this out.

I will use the deck class as an example:
 
In a  file with ".h" extension.  typically you name this after the class it contains, but that is just a strong recommendation, not a requirement.  This is then #included in your other files where the class is needed.  for custom header files, use #include "myfile.h", not #include <myfile>.  the quotation marks tell it to look in a directory relative to the file it is being included to instead of the system defined locations.
#ifndef _DECK_H #define _DECK_H class deck{ private: char types[4]={'H','S','D','C'}; char numbers[14]={'1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','0','J','Q','K','A'}; char used_types[50]; char used_numbers[50]; int used_quantity=0; public: void give_card(int *ok, int x, char *type,char *number); } #endif  
 
And in a .cpp file, define the function bodies.  Again, name doesn't actually matter, but it's easier to remember what it is if you use the class name.
void deck::give_card(int *ok, int x, char *type,char *number){ int seed=1; //if (*ok==0)seed=55; srand(time(0)/seed); <== remove this. this only needs to be called once EVER string combine; char r_type=types[rand()%3]; char r_number=numbers[rand()%14]; for(int i=0;i<used_quantity;i++){ if(r_type==used_types[i] && r_number==used_numbers[i]){*ok=0; break;} else *ok=1; } if(*ok!=0){ used_types[used_quantity]=r_type; used_numbers[used_quantity]=r_number; used_quantity++; type[x]=r_type; number[x]=r_number; } } Only code things i will note are the re-seeding of the RNG, which is bad, and declaring global variables, which while sometimes necessary is frowned upon.  Seed the RNG as one of the first things you do in main(), then just leave it.
 
Each file (including the .h files) do need to have their own #includes.  Similarly, the #ifndef, #define, and #endif in the header file prevent infinite re-inclusion, as things may only be defined once.  #pragma once as the first line in any .h file MAY also accomplish this similarly, but it is non-standard and not 100% guaranteed to be supported.  That 1% of systems that don't support something will always be the ones you end up having to use...

To compile, just add the extra .cpp files to the command line.

Your description does not indicate to me its a graphics driver issue, because you have indicated the liveCD is running but crashes when you open the installer application.
Try verify your USB/CD drive and verify the ISO you downloaded with checksum
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM
If that doesn't work, as mentioned above use the LTS version of ubuntu version 16.04
I only use the LTS versions due to past experiences with instability. The chronological order of Debian related LTS are
2013: Debian 7
2014: Ubuntu 14.04
2015: Debian 8
2016: Ubuntu 16.04
All of these systems are still supported. the oldest, Debian 7, is supported until may 2018. There are older ones still supported but that would make this list longer than needed & your hardware is not that old.

Live images can have problems with graphics hardware that the final installation may not have, simply because they use the generic driver instead of the "right" one. Outside of that, different desktop environments may have more issues than others, so you may want to take a look at some variants with a different DE.
 
Alternatively you can try a different distribution, I would suggest openSUSE or Debian.